Scientific Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution refers to a time in history when developments in the sciences took off and changed the view of society regarding the earth and nature. Some of the relevant topics of this time were mathematics, astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Typically, the scientific revolution is considered the time in Europe starting around the end of the Renaissance period and lasting through the late 18th century. Between 1543 and 1700, Europe underwent many changes that forever changed the thoughts and beliefs of society as a result of the scientific revolution. During this time, the creation of many inventions came about and the studies of many people changed the culture of society. Evidence was no longer†¦show more content†¦Harvey is given credit for being the first to accurately describe the entire circuit, including arteries and veins, of where the blood starts in the circulation process and where it ends as a result of heart contractions. In the publication su bmitted by Copernicus, he established a model of the universe that depicted the Sun and not the Earth at the center of the universe. He described the Earth revolving around the sun which was in contrast to earlier thinking that suggested the sun revolved around the Earth (heliocentric theory). This revelation of thought started a change in the way the world was viewed. Maybe the Earth was not the center of everything and maybe there was more out there that could be learned in order to scientifically understand the world (Scientific revolution). Johannes Kepler followed in the footsteps of Copernicus. He too believed that the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler was a religious man and did not want to speak against his religious beliefs. He therefore took a different approach. He studied the heavens in order to better understand how God put the planets in motion around the sun. He is best known for his formulation of the Laws of planetary Motion. The Laws of planetary Motion consisted of three parts. The first part was the belief that the planets moved in elliptical orbits. The second part was the equal area law whichShow MoreRelatedThe Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1873 Words   |  8 Pageswas the most influential figure of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution brought attention to many figures, Copernicus and Galileo, but Newton is the scientist with most influential changes that that have changed how we think. His research and discovery of gravitation formula led to the scientific method. While that was his most famous discovery, he also had many findings in the mathematical field. Newton changed the way we think and his discovery on gravity was monumental, but even todayRead MoreThe Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1444 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the Scientific Revolution began to take shape around the year 1550, the world of science was exceedingly narrow and thought to be known. The scientific views of the pre-scientific revolution stem back even further than the popular Aristotelian era of science. Hippocrates contributed greatly to the field of science, especially in the field of medicine. It was during his years of medical studies that Hippocrates theorized the â€Å"Four Temperaments†. This theory hypothesized that there are fourRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesparallels between ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment This essay will explore parallels between the ideas of the scientific revolution and the enlightenment. The scientific revolution describes a time when great changes occurred in the way the universe was viewed, d through the advances of sciences during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The enlightenment refers to a movement that grew out of the new scientific ideas of the revolution that occurred in the late seventeenthRead MoreScience Revolutions and Inseases in Inventions Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesScience Revolutions and Inseases in Inventions Over the past millennium there have been several significant scientific revolutions that have led to an increase in the amount of inventions within that field of science. Yet some scientific revolutions have been restricted to a containment of research within the field and thus meant that no inventions have occurred. Specific reasons for the increase in research are basically because new inventions can help the needs ofRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton to The Scientific Revolution1064 Words   |  5 Pages The Scientific Revolution was a period when new scientific ideas where introduced into society. The Scientific Revolution laid down a foundation in which modern science is heavily based on. An influential figure of the Scientific Revolution is Sir Isaac Newton. He made many advancements in the field of science and mathematics, he discovered Gravity, developed the three basic laws of motion, and co-development of Calculus. Isaac Newton did several thing that positively affectedRead MoreEssay about Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution1689 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution, perhaps one of the most significant examples of human beingsà ­ relationship with the natural world, changed the way seventeenth and eighteenth century society operated. The power of human knowledge has enabled intellectual, economical, and social advances seen in the modern world. The Scientific Revolution which included the development of scientific attitudes and skepticism of old views on nature and humanityRead MoreThe Impact of the Scientific Revolution Upon the Enlightenment 975 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual changes in Europe that had resulted from the scientific revolution during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The scientific revolution and the discoveries made about the natural world would ultimately challenge the way people perceived the world around them. Scientist found real answers, by questioning flawed ancient beliefs that were widely held and maintained by the church. Ultimately, these discoveries and scientific advanceme nts would evolve and effect social, cultural, andRead MoreScientific Revolution- Ap Euro Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesHow did the developments in scientific thought from Copernicus to Newton create a new conception of the universe and of humanity’s place within it? The Scientific Revolution was a time of scientific questioning in which tremendous discoveries were made about the Earth. It has been referred to as â€Å"the real origin both of the modern world and the modern mentality† (Mckay, 596) and caused the foremost change in the world-view. This revolution occurred for many reasons. Universities were establishedRead More The Impact of the Scientific Revolution Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of the Scientific Revolution Science began soon after the Birth of Civilization. Man had already learned to tame animals and grow plants. To shape materials like clay and metals to his purposes and even to heal his bodily ailments. We do not know why he did these things because his magic and reasoning are concealed. Only with the second millennium B.C have we learned that there were three elements in man’s attitude to nature, which impacted the growth of the scientific revolution: empiricalRead MoreThe Rationalization Of Global Warming1333 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent discussions within the scientific community and throughout its path towards acceptance scientist in agreeance with the model have to provide evidence of support for their claim. Kuhn’s process of discovery states that normal science is only thrown into a paradigm shift when a crisis emerges within the paradigm and the discoveries within the crisis lead to a revolution towards a new normal science. Within the scientific community of g lobal warming, the discoveries were preceded by observations

Application Of Theories, Principles And Models Of...

1. Understand the application of theories, principles and models of reflective practice to continuing personal and professional development When evaluating theories, principles and models of reflective practice it is always useful to have a brief overview of the target subject. Continuing Personal and Professional Development (CPPD) refers to the development of an individual in their professional work life. In essence it can be compared to a journey, with a point of origin and an end point, within which there a number paths and targets along the journey with a variety of career choices. In order to improve our own practice as a teacher, and professional in a teaching organisation working with your peers and others, it is vital to digest†¦show more content†¦2. Adults experience and incorporate new perspectives on previously held ideas, modes of reasoning and ideologies. A teacher in their practice should constantly incorporate and add new ways of teaching and learn from previous experiences. 3. All adults carry a preconception of behaviour; for example in a public place, which is based on personal upbring and experience. What may be perceived as abnormal behaviour for one individual can be perfectly acceptable to another person. I teach Key Skills to young adults with behavioural and emotional issues from a broad variety of differing backgrounds and life experiences. As a consequence, I constantly have to be very creative in my professional practice. Employing the three concepts of Brookfield’s critical reflection allows me to challenge any assumptions I may have and offers me the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of my teaching practice. My area of improvement was in specifically, the delivery of English with learners who were demotivated and disengaged from the learning experience. I identified that in an academically driven environment, these particular learners were not comfortable with a formal classroom setting, due to previous negative experiences of the school environment. This generated the need for new methods of delivery, which was discussed with previous class tutor and teaching peer group, problems areas identified in previous classes the learners relaxed too

Comparison of two versions of Romeo and Juliet (Act 3 Scene 1) Essay Example For Students

Comparison of two versions of Romeo and Juliet (Act 3 Scene 1) Essay I am comparing the same scene (act three scene 1) from two different versions of the play Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare. The Zefferelli version which is set in Verona, Italy in the Tudor times and the Luhrman version which is set on Verona Beach, America from the present day. The clothing worn by the actors are very different in the two versions. In the Zefferelli version all the actors wore tights and Tudor clothing whereas in the Luhrman version the clothing is much more modern. The Montagues wear loud colourful shirts, jeans and are pretty laid back; the Capulets wore black suits, steel heel shoes and look like a mafia gang. The two different times that the versions were set are shown by certain things that happen in the play. Such as In the Luhrman version all the actors use guns whereas in the Zefferelli version all the actors use swords, all though the language is kept the same in both versions the weapons are called swords. The fight scene also shows differences in time such as in the Zefferelli version, when Romeo goes after Tybalt he chases him on foot whereas in the Luhrman version he chases him in a car. The fight starts by the Capulets arriving to were the Montagues are situated and asking to bare a word with one of them the exact words were Gentlemen, good den, a word with one of you this doesnt sound like a troublesome comment but these are the first words that lead to a fight.In the Zefferelli version the Capulets arrive on foot whereas in the Luhrman version they arrive in a flash car. Mercutio is the only one of the Montagues to answer, in the Zefferelli version he is bathing in a fountain whereas in the Luhrman version he is chilling on Verona beach. Both these tell the audience that the day is hot so the tension is high and a fight is more likely to break out. Both Mercutio and Tybalt are passing insults back and forth. In the Zefferelli version the humour is high and the surrounding people just keep laughing whereas in the Luhrman version its much more serious and no ones laughing. Then the killer blow is struck Tybalt says Mercutio, thou consortest with Romeo which means Mercutio is gay and he is sleeping with Romeo. In the Zefferelli version Mercutio just laughs it off, but is still angry whereas in the Luhrman version Mercutio gets very angry and the speech develops from speaking to shouting telling the audience that Mercutio didnt find it too funny. A fight is just about to start from this comment when Romeo arrives who is just the man Tybalt wants to see. Romeo enters the scene with happiness as he has just married Juliet and wants to tell all of his friends, but then he sees Tybalt, Juliets cousin and sort of calms down. All the time Romeo is talking to Tybalt he is dropping hints about how he has just married Juliet, such as The reason I have to love thee Doth much excuse the appertaining rage To such a greeting. Villain am I none; Therefore farewell, I see thou knowest me not. Romeo is sort of telling Tybalt that he is now family but he doesnt want to tell him up front because Tybalt hates him. Tybalt doesnt like the fact that Romeo doesnt want to fight. He tells him to turn and draw which is a saying often used in western films it means they both turn there backs, tack a certain amount of steps forward then turn and both shoot. In the Luhrman version he punches him, kicks him and much more until Romeo starts to bleed shouting at him to turn and draw whereas in the Zefferelli version Tybalts just tells him to turn and draw. .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .postImageUrl , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:hover , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:visited , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:active { border:0!important; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:active , .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709 .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76b1d96a447ec0d1c5a859d9b88e1709:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare paper EssayRomeo still doesnt want to fight, after all their family now, although no one knows this apart from Romeo and the audience. This is called dramatic irony. This causes a much more tense audience as they cant wait to see what happens next. So instead of fighting Romeo tells Tybalt to be satisfied In the Luhrman version Romeo pulls out hes gun while saying this whereas in the Zefferelli version he just shakes Tybalts hand. In the Zefferelli version the humour is high and Tybalt puts hes hand in the water as if to say Romeo has germs and everyone laughs, when he takes hes hand out of the water he splashes Mercutio who is still bathing in the fountain, th is is were Mercutio decides to fight, after all, Romeo wont. Whereas in the Luhrman version Mercutio interferes in Romeos fight and fights for him. There is a sense of fair play in both versions. In the Luhrman version Mercutio drops his gun before fighting. In the Zefferelli version the sense of fair play is much higher. Tybalt has a few chances to kill Mercutio but doesnt as he is unarmed, when Tybalt has hes sword to Mercutios throat he just tells a joke and everyone laughs, they even shake hands while fighting. This shows that the humour is much higher too, in the Luhrman version there is no laughter at all as it is very serious. In the Luhrman version Mercutio is stabbed with a piece of glass, but it seemed like an accident as Tybalt was aiming for Romeo but Mercutio moved him out the way. In the Zefferelli version Tybalt looks shocked that he has stabbed Mercutio as if he didnt mean it, only Tybalt saw the blood on the end off the sword so everyone else just carries on laughing as if it didnt happen. Whereas in the Luhrman version everyone becomes worried about Mercutio, then Mercutio starts to laugh so the Montagues laugh with him as he says just a scratch, just a scratch. He also says tomorrow youll find me a grave man. The word grave has two meanings serious, and grave, as in gravestone. So he could be saying it as a joke or he could be saying tomorrow hell be dead. In the Zefferelli version the people carry on laughing at him even when he says to one of them to fetch him a servant. Before dropping to hes death he says a plague upon both your houses. They only stop laughing when he is officially announce d dead. In the Luhrman version when he says a plague upon both your houses a storm breaks out to show that something bad as happened. He then falls to his death. In both versions Romeo is now in fury with anger and wants to kill Tybalt, he doesnt even think about the fact that he is now hes cousin. In the Zefferelli version he chases after him on foot whereas in the Luhrman version a car chase breaks out. When they meet the sense of fair play goes out of the window Romeo just wants to kill Tybalt. In the Luhrman version the two cars crash and Tybalts gun falls out, they then fight for the gun, in the end Romeo gets the Gun and shoots Tybalt repeatedly. Whereas in the Zefferelli version they both draw their swords and they fight, at one stage in the fight Romeo loses hes sword. Usually the fight would stop due to fair play not this time other people even try to stop the person getting the sword back to Romeo. Then Tybalt loses hes sword and they have a scruff on the floor then Tybalt gets hes sword back and is just about to kill Romeo when Romeo picks up a sword and stabs Tybalt in the heart. Romeo then realises what he has done and says I am fortunes fool and runs off. .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .postImageUrl , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:hover , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:visited , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:active { border:0!important; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:active , .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701 .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b55b5f3a3f94d9ffdfb3e546950c701:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: When Shakespeare was alive going to the theatre was a lot different than it is now EssayWhen the police arrive on the scene all is tearful for Romeos parents and Tybalts too. But in the end the prince has had enough of these public brawls and banishes Romeo. We still watch Romeo and Juliet even though it was written so many years ago, this is because the moral of the film is that gang wars are bad, the world would be a better place without wars.

to kill a mockingbird Essay Paper Example For Students

to kill a mockingbird Essay Paper to kill a mockingbirdTo Kill A MockingbirdTo Kill A Mockingbird is a great book written by Harper Lee. This book is aboutTom Robinson trying to help a white girl named Mayella. All that Tom was tryingto do was help that little white girl out, but he was alone with her. Bob EwellMayellas father said that Tom raped his daughter Mayella. He was just walkingby and got asked to help a girl out so he did because he felt sorry for her. Those were three things leading to Tom Robinsons conviction. The first cause was the prejudice ness of the south in the 1930s. One exampleof this is the churches were segregated. Calpernia motioned Jem and ma to theend of the row and placed herself between us.(120) Though the conjugation waskind to the children they were surprised of the children. Alexandria wantedAtticus to be fired for being Toms attorney since Tom is black. The town wasoutraged that Atticus would do suck a thing. Atticus was helping Tom Robinsonso now everyone is mad at Atticus. Do you defend niggers Atticus?(74)Everyone wants Atticus to be fired for helping Tom. Atticus is just trying tohelp Tom now everyone is against him. A group of town members formed a mob andwent to the jail to lynch Tom. The mob that the town formed went to the jailand started things. The men jumped a little and scattered: because they werepeople everyday. (146) The towns mob went to the jail for Tom because ofwhat has been going on. The towns mob was angry that they went to the jail. We will write a custom essay on to kill a mockingbird Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bob Ewell and Mayella accused Tom of the crime. Bob was accountable for seeingTom raping Mayella. Judge Taylor asked Bob. Mr. Ewell did you see thedefendant having sexual intercourse with your daughter?(174) Bob said that hesaw his daughter getting raped by Tom Robinson. His own daughter Mayella alsoaccused Bob of being a drunk. Mayellas testimony says that Tom raped her alsogave the jury another white witness against Tom Robinson. Mayella told thejudge that her father was a decent, Except for when he was drunk.(183)Mayella said that Tom raped her so they believed her because she was a whiteyoung girl testifying against a black man. Another reason that they believedher is because that its Mayellas, and Bobs Ewells word that Tom raped her. No doctor had ever examined Mayella to see if she actually got raped at all. Did you call a doctor sheriff! Did anyone call a doctor? No ser said Mr. Tait. No body called a doctor because it was a black mans word against twowhite peoples word. The reason that they didnt call a doctor is that theydidnt rally care if he raped her or not its just that they want to put onemore black person in jail because of the color of his skin. Finally Tom was allowing himself to be alone with a white young woman because hefelt sorry for her so he wasnt thinking really. Tom had talked about stoppingand helping her. Did you ever go on the place again? Yes Suh When?Well I went lots of times.(191) The reason that Tom went over there was tohelp Mayella so that he could be a good guy. He was just trying to be a goodman all the work that Tom did he did it all for free out of the kindness of hisheart. Tom felt sorry for Mayella so he helped her every day after work. Yessuh. I felt sorry for her.(184) Thats why he went and helped her out inthe first place. So he felt good about it so he kept helping her for the hellof it. Tom helped Mayella break up big things that would be hard for her. Shealways had a little something for me to do chopping kindle, totin water forher. Every time he walked is she would have a new job for him to do for her. He always would always be pleased to help her. Tom Robinson had three main causes leading to the conviction. The towns peopleput a lynch mob together and were shocked of Atticuss actions for helping ablack man. Bob said that he saw sexual intercourse between Tom and Mayella sothe judge believed him but they didnt ever examine Mayella for rape. Thereasons that he stopped at all were that he felt sorry for her because Bob was adrunk. Mayella had told the judge that Bob was a drunk and he believed her. Tom had gotten put in jail for raping Mayella. I think that Friar Laurence was to a large extent responsible for thedeaths of Romeo and Juliet. However, several other factors contributedand we can not solely blame one person. The circumstances, time periodand characters need to be taken into consideration. The Friar is introduced half way through the play, and his role is avital one. In his first scene we see him with the poison, and thisscene links up with his last two scenes and the consequences of thatsame poison. His entrance breaks the pace of the previous balconyscene, and gives the audience time to absorb what has occurred betweenRomeo and Juliet. Juliet has an almost non-existent relationship with Capulet. FriarLaurence fills this void by portraying a ^father^ figure in Juliet^slife. She trusts him and confides in him regularly. ^Hold daughter. Ido spy a kind of hope^^ In addition the Friar is also Romeo^s confidentand tries to find solutions to their overwhelming problems. He also breaks the terrible news to Romeo about his banishment, and hetries to do so in a humane way. He comforts the distraught Romeo, andwhen potential danger lurks, offers him a shelter under the desk!Friar Laurence tries to dissuade Pairs from marrying Juliet. This couldbe selfish behavior on his part, as the Friar knows he would becommitting a sin if he married Juliet to Paris, when she was alreadymarried to Romeo. Another example of the Friar^s selfish intentions, is the tomb scene,whereupon finding Juliet in there, and two dead bodies lying on thefloor, he needs no persuasion to leave, which he does so in immensehaste!The following incident is an example of how the Friar contributed tothe deaths of the star-crossed lovers. He marries Romeo and Juliet,fully aware that they do not have their parents consent. He should haverefused to marry them or sought the advice of an older and moreexperienced member of the church. It was the Friar^s idea that Juliet swallows the remedy. This was avery rash decision, and, if thought out properly, he would haverealised the dire consequences and complications that could occur. Friar Laurence largely contributed to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet bymarrying them despite their ages, giving Juliet the poison and by notthinking things through clearly. Instead he always tried to find a^quick-fix^ solution. However, he has a kind disposition, and honestlytries to help Romeo and Juliet in whatever way he can. And, to give himhis due, he did confess his sins, and offer to sacrifice his life. Thisconfession, added to the tragic deaths of the young lovers, ceased theage-old fight between the Capulets and the Montagues. Reason Not ReligionObservations and inferneces from real life perceptions: My entire lifeI have been a Catholic and have attended Church regularly with myfamily, always believing in God and the stories and tales of the Bibleas pure fact that happened long ago, and of Jesus being the savior,etc. .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .postImageUrl , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:hover , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:visited , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:active { border:0!important; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:active , .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354 .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa6349571e52e516e06e30090515b354:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Yes, Another The Pearl EssayJust this past month I attended a Presbyterian church service with myelderly grandmother in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The church was small tobegin with, and only about one-third of the seats were filled. I wouldhave to say that at least 95% of the people were all over 65, with veryfew young couples at all. My grandma made a comment on the lack ofyoung people who attend the masses now, and she kept referring to thefact that recently less and less young couples and families everattended church. At first I thought that this church would then seriously have to closeits doors when the current majority of the parishioners died, but thenI realized another aspect of human behavior and psychology. The characteristic that I see and hear so much about that many humanstend to possess and practice, is the fact that they become closer togod the older they get. Why is this? It is because of one of thesame big reasons that we even have to have religion in the first place:fear about death and what happens to us afterwards. These people seemto be turning to the kind of thinking that inspired the dichotic ideaof PASCAL^S WAGER. Even if these people were not very religious duringtheir younger years, we can now see a trend of a large section of ourcountry^s population starting to attend church more and more and becomemore religious as they grow older. What inspires this shift?plainand simple, the fear of uncertainty. QUESTIONING ONES BELIEFS MUST GO BEYOND JUST WONDERINGWhen I used to attend Church regularly their was a priest who was an extremely good speaker and extremelyintelligent. Even though he was a Catholic priest, serving as the pastor of an extremely large church, he had thecourage and brains to disagree with some of the rigid dogma setup and enforced by the Vatican. I remember onesermon he gave that has greatly influenced me since, and I am very happy I was fortunate enough to hear it. Inthis certain sermon he talked about his thoughts on it being good for teenagers and youth to question theexistence of a God in their world. He talked at length about this questioning and finished up the speech with thesummation that even though we can question, it all comes back to God. I continued to believe in this way for a very long time. That there were many questions concerning the actual andtrue existence of God, however due to certain things like the design of the world, everything had to relate back toan almighty creator. Just recently I have started to realize the problem with my previous concept of questioning,as well as this particular priests. In the manner that he was referring to this concept, he was very right in the factthat everything has to come back to God. The reason that this is true is due to the fact that just questioning isexactly that: if all we do is say to ourselves, is Gee I wonder?, then we of course will not be able to come up withany alternative except to continue believing in the existence of a god. Questioning one^s faith must not only encompass asking yourself epistemological and metaphysical questions,but we must explore, learn, and above all gain knowledge about the evidence and the arguments from both sidesof the debate. We must have dialogues with others who believe the same as us, as well as those who share acompletely different, even blatantly contrary view. Only by these means can we ever come out with a greaterunderstanding of the issues surrounding the questions about the existence of a supreme being. If this procedureis followed and we always continue to learn and accept new, valid information then we will eventually find ourown sense of the truth, and our own philosophy for our lives. MY JOURNEY TO FIND THE TRUTH, AND SUBSEQUENT LEAP OF REASONThis past year I really started examining my own beliefs and faith in God. As I read Homer^s Iliad, informationabout Mithra (Jesus^ immediate mythological predecessor), and many other sources that put questions in my mindabout the validity of my faith, I began to seriously doubt whether God was something just made up by humanssince the beginning of time to explain their world, or was really the truth. I am sure now in my mind that the images and symbols used to represent God and initially gods, werecontrived simply to explain phenomena of the planet, mysteries of life, and to satisfy that extremely strong need ofhuman beings to feel important. This past point I feel is the most pivotal in understanding the human race^smajority view of the existence of a supernatural power. There are so many people today that of course we can^t allhave jobs that most would consider important and help lead the holder of that job toSELF-ACTUALIZATION, so a god makes up for that. It is written and spoken by Christians and the Biblethat all human beings are equal and that they are all loved the same by God, therefore everyone is extremelyimportant because the maker of us all values them on par with everyone else. A respected businessman whohas worked for his fortune is the same as a neurotic drug addict begging for money; often times the former is seeneven as more evil. THE FALLACIOUS ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A GOD In my quest to find the truth about the existence of a God, which will always be going on and never end, I havealso made it a point to study those arguments which are many philosophers^ and theists^ base for their belief in analmighty creator. I will begin by explaining the thought that goes into each argument, and how the people whomare proponents of these such arguments validate their claims. I will then therefore proceed to point out themistakes that I believe each of them makes, some more than others. These three main arguments are as follows:Teleological Argument for the Existence of GodThe teleological argument for the existence of God is one that uses the actual existents we know in reality, in thiscase the entire planet and universe, and uses these in a somewhat well developed theory for the existence of agod. The simplest way to define this argument is to use the simple analogy of a clock maker to a clock; or intelligentdesigner to an intelligent design. This is the conscious basis for a theory that states that due to the fact that welive and exist in a wholly technical and advanced-level world where things such as the existence of life andhumans are very intelligent, then there must be an intelligent creator that first shaped us all and everythingaround us. This theory has been changed and developed even more over the years into modern versions. The main ideas that I find inherently wrong with this argument come from the fact that first: theists believe thatGod just exists and always has, however he too would be an intelligent being, and according to the teleologicalargument itself, would He then not necessitate an intelligent designer? And so on and so forth^ Thereforetheists who believe in the existence exists idea in terms of a God, and also tend to endorse the teleologicalargument, are contradicting themselves because of a conflict in which the premises of their two parallel beliefs areat odds. Those making this contradiction must check their premises. Another more abstract theory that can act to somewhat disprove the validity of this argument is that of theOSCIALLATING UNIVERSE THEORY. This theory in a nutshell states that the universe is constantly eitherexpanding or condensing, as long as matter is present in the universe. A corollary of this theory also says thatthere is substantial evidence that the universe has expanded to its limit and then shrunken down again into onepoint of infinite density, temperature, and curvature, only to explode again (the big bang), a total of 100 times!With the potential of an entirely new universe being created each time this has happened, with the potential ofcompletely different laws of physics and the behavior of matter, then there is definitely the increased possibility ofour planet simply existing and being able to support life by a chance creation of the universe we live in, created bythe current expansion and creation that has been happening for an estimated 10 billion years. The fact is, with thatmany worlds being created over time, there is a sure chance that out of all those planets created, at least one, ours,could support life. .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .postImageUrl , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:hover , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:visited , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:active { border:0!important; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:active , .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07 .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79ab217430265e709bf672f531013f07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The New York City Ballet EssayThe Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The Ontological argument for the existence of a God is more complex, and more utterly unfounded then the one,previous argument that we have examined. This argument basis its entire proof on floating abstractions madeabout the brain of man, his conscious, and the things it is unable to do. This argument is commonly referred to St. Anselm, its primary creator. The argument goes like this: We all have somewhat of an image or idea of what Godis in our minds, even atheists who don^t believe in any god still have somewhat of a conception of what agod, if one existed, would have to be like and capable of. Our conception of a God is fairly limited because toconceive of a being so great and powerful is hard for us to do in the first place. Anselm holds that because we cantherefore conceive nothing greater than God, one must exist. Let^s look at that in simplistic form: due to the fact that I can neither think nor conceive of anything greater thanthis entity, the particular entity which I can not go beyond therefore must exist. How absurd of an argument isthis? Its only foundation lies on some unconnected idea of a philosopher, randomly applied to reality. The mainproblem that I have with this argument is that it takes a rule and law of reality and reason, and applies tosomething that we simply can have no conclusion ever made on while living on earth. If I say that there is nothingworse and more scary that I can conceive of beyond death, so therefore death must exist, I am right because deathdoes exist. In this case the ontological argument for the existence of death works. How do I know itworks?because I can see and perceive death in reality and I can know it beginning with my sense perceptions. The existence of, and my knowledge of death, is hierarchical. However the concept of God can^t not be tracedback to basic sense perceptions (where all concepts must be originally derived from), and is therefore unable to begrounded in reality and truth. In order to gain higher knowledge of something as complex as a God, we fist mustperceive basic facts of reality. There are no basic facts of reality to perceive when it comes to the concept ofGod. Think of any concrete that almost all men believe in and their can be no real intellectual debate about without oneof the parties being totally irrational in even disputing the fact^that concrete concept can be traced back to thetraced down on through the line directly to man^s ability to perceive. God^this concept can not be brokendown into anything close to reality and perception. It is because of this fact that even if you do believe in God,in order to retain any sense of being able to think, you must remain agnostic. If we refuse to recognize the fact thatthe existence of God is impossible to perceive, then human knowledge will perish into an abyss of unconnectedand unsupported beliefs in irrational and ungrounded faiths, which we will fool ourselves into believing is reality. The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The Cosmological argument hinges on a property which is a corollary of the axiom of existence. This law is the lawof causality^which states that all things that occur do so because they are caused. The proponents of thisargument then take this law, which we apply to every day reality on Earth, to the beginning of the universe. Theysay that the universe just couldn^t have existed for all time, but that it would have to had been created just likeeverything else. They then take these beliefs even farther when they assert that the process of creation andexistence can not be infinite in either moving forward, or looking backward. For instance, these people believe that God created the universe^therefore the universe has a cause. Howeverthey do begin to get into contradictory waters as soon as they are confronted with the fact that they believe oftheir God^s existence^was God created too? No^they say that there has to be some beginning that just was andalways will be^there can be no infinity in either going forward, and no infinite progression backwards throughages of cause after cause. This first contradiction is plain and obvious to the educated interpreter of the argument,the others are more deeply involved with other problems. If these people believe in the phrase existence exists when it comes to their God, then why can^t this just beapplied to something such as the universe? Why do we need a fanciful God to explain the beginning of theuniverse when the cosmological argument already asserts that things can not simply progress or regressinfinitely? The reason is due to the concepts we discussed earlier of the need of human self-actualization andthe reassurance of an afterlife where we can finally fully enjoy our humanity and existence. This argument is right in one respect: the very entity that initially created the universe itself was not caused orcreated. In this correctness however they fail by failing to correctly identify that thing which did create theuniverse^it was not God, but something which contained the entire universe and still is a part of that universe. (FOR A CLARIFICATION OF WHAT I AM REFERRING TO HERE, READ THIS.)FINAL CONCLUSIONSMy final conclusions so far in my quest to understand the basis for beliefs and proof for the existence andnon-existence of God are short, small, and completely unfinished. They are my final conclusions for this paper,at this point in my life. One^s true final conclusions on these matters will only be able to made some day if there issome place, perhaps not necessarily a heaven, where we will have time to think and reflect on what we havelearned during our lives, and perhaps even after them. For now I know that no matter what paths we follow as human beings on journey to cognitive understandingabout God, we must always remain agnostic for the complete duration of our mortal lives, primarily because ofthe lack of a hierarchy of knowledge which we can see and deduct for the concept of God. Finally, we must alllearn as much as we possibly can and can volitionally motivate ourselves to in order to understand this debateand conflict in human belief. To kill a mockingbird Essay Paper Example For Students To kill a mockingbird Essay Paper To Kill A MockingbirdIn the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, a character Atticus states; Courage is when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. Throughout history, there have been many courageous people who have strongly demonstrated the quality of courage. Courage is a reoccurring theme that Harper Lee chooses to emphasize throughout To Kill A Mockingbird that many of her characters pursue as a strong quality. However, courage is proven to be most evident through Atticus, Scout, and Calpurina. Atticus is truly a man of courage. Throughout, To Kill A Mockingbird he has to face many situations where a courageous decision is needed in order to help someone very important. Although there are many characters that are against Atticus decisions, he still tries to see them through knowing that the odds of succeeding are weak. Atticus definitely defines courage when he makes the decision to represent a Negro named Tom Robinson, in court. Unfortunately, many people in the town of Maycomb are prejudice and look down upon Atticus for choosing to do so. However, Atticus knowing how strongly people feel about his decision for defending a black man feels that it is something he must do. A quote from the novel symbolizing his courage is found where Jem and Scout are asking Atticus why he is defending Tom Robinson: Every lawyer gets at least one case in his lifetime that affects him personally. This ones mine I guess. This quote represents his courage because it shows that he has a respons ibility and is going to do the best job he can even when he understands that the odds are against him. Atticus also displays courage when he tells Scout that you shouldnt judge someone until you have been in his or her shoes. A quote showing this is found where Scout explains to Atticus about her days misfortunes at school and how Miss Caroline tells her that she was taught the wrong way by her father: First of all, Scout if you can learn a simple trick, youll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. This quote further explains his courageous qualities because it shows that he doesnt believe in judging others until you have been in their skin, or until you know a person. It takes courage to understand the concept of getting to know another persons point of view before judging them. Atticus shows this through his courageous decision to defend Tom Robinson. The towns people judge Tom Robinson , however Atticus sees through them and chooses to see his side, which truly displays his courage. We will write a custom essay on To kill a mockingbird Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Scout, displays her courage throughout the story as well. She is a mature seven-year-old girl, and shows her courage in many situations where she stands up for what she believes in even though many disagree with her. Scout demonstrates her courageous quality when she punches Francis because he calls Atticus a nigger lover. A quote resembling this scene, is found where her and Francis are having an argument over Atticus: Francis looked at me carefully, concluded I had been sufficiently subdued, and crooned softly, nigger lover. Thus time I split my knuckle to the bone of his front teeth. This quote further symbolizes Scouts courage because it shows how much she really cares for her father. Although violence is not the key to resolving anything, it was very courageous of Scout to punch Francis because she really stood up for her father. Scout was very hurt from Francis words and her punching him displayed how much she truly loves Atticus and how she wouldnt want his feelings to be hurt in any way. Scout also displays courage when she makes her way through the crowd of men, dressed in overalls, who are about to hurt Atticus. She tries to stall them from hurting him by talking with Mr. Cunningham. A quote that represents her courage demonstrated in this scene is found when Scout is trying to look amongst the crowd for a familiar face: They were sullen looking, sleepy-eyed looking men who seemed unused

French Number Expressions - Confusing Pairs

French Number Expressions - Confusing Pairs There are several confusing pairs and difficult expressions related to French numbers. Floor System Differences The numbering system of the floors in a building may be difficult for American English speakers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American English  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  British English Rez-de-chaussà ©e  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ground floor Premier à ©tage  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First floor Deuxià ¨me à ©tage  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Third floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second floor The meaning of premier changes depending on the preposition that precedes it. Au premier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At/On the first Au premier à ©tage  Ã‚  On the second floor  Ã‚  On the first floor En premier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first in a sequence En premier lieu  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first place, Firstly De premier/premià ¨re (prix, qualità ©)  The top (prize) or best (quality) Two Words for the Same Number in French There are two French words for the English ordinal number second (2nd): second  and deuxià ¨me. They are essentially interchangeable, but there is a general, not always followed guideline: Second  is often used when something is the second in a series of only two things. Deuxià ¨me tends to be used when theres a third, fourth, etc. Following this guideline allows you to add some interesting nuances to your words. La seconde guerre mondiale  Ã‚  World War II (the second and last) La deuxià ¨me guerre mondiale  Ã‚  World War II (the second of how many?) There are two words for third and fourth - one for the ordinal number and another for the fraction troisià ¨me  Ã‚   third (in a series) un tiers  Ã‚  Ã‚   one third quatrià ¨me  Ã‚  fourth (in a series) un quart  Ã‚   one fourth

The Founding of Thebes

The Founding of Thebes The founder of Thebes is known as Cadmus or Kadmos. He was a descendant of the union of Io and Zeus in bull shape. Cadmus father was a Phoenician king named Agenor and his mother was named Telephassa or Telephone. Cadmus had two brothers, one named Thasos, and the other Cilix, who became king of Cilicia. They had a sister named Europa, who was also carried off by a bullZeus, again. The Search for Europa Cadmus, Thasos, and their mother went to look for Europa and stopped in Thrace where Cadmus met his future bride Harmonia. Taking Harmonia with them, they then went to the oracle at Delphi for a consultation. The Delphic Oracle told Cadmus to look for a cow with a lunar sign on either side, to follow where the cow went, and to make sacrifices and establish a town where the bull lay down. Cadmus was also to destroy the guard of Ares. Boeotia and Ares' Dragon After finding the cow, Cadmus followed it to Boeotia, a name based on the Greek word for cow. Where it lay down, Cadmus made sacrifices and started to settle. His people needed water, so he sent out scouts, but they failed to return because they had been killed by Ares dragon who guarded the fountain. It was up to Cadmus to slay the dragon, so with divine assistance, Cadmus slew the dragon using a stone, or perhaps a hunting spear. Cadmus Founds Thebes Athena, who helped with the slaying, advised Cadmus that he should plant the teeth of the dragon. Cadmus, with or without Athenas help, sowed the teeth-seeds. From them emerged fully armed warriors of Ares who would have turned on Cadmus had Cadmus not thrown stones at them making it appear that they were attacking one another. Ares men then fought with each other until only 5 worn out warriors survived, who came to be known as Spartoi the sown men who then helped Cadmus found Thebes. Thebes was the name of the settlement. Harmonia was a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. The conflict between Ares and Cadmus was resolved by the marriage of Cadmus and Ares daughter. The event was attended by all the gods. Offspring of Cadmus and Harmonia Among the children of Harmonia and Cadmus was Semele, who was the mother of Dionysus, and Agave, mother of Pentheus. When Zeus destroyed Semele and inserted the embryonic Dionysus in his thigh, the palace of Harmonia and Cadmus burned. So Cadmus and Harmonia left and traveled to Illyria (which they also founded) first handing over the kingship of Thebes to their son Polydorus, father of Labdacus, father of Laius, father of Oedipus. Founding Legends Athena reserved some of the dragons teeth to give to Jason.Thebes was an Egyptian city, too. One story of the founding of Thebes says that Cadmus gave the Greek city the same name his father had just given to the Egyptian city.Instead of Polydorus, Pentheus is sometimes named as the successor of Cadmus.Cadmus is credited with bringing the alphabet/writing to Greece.The continent of Europe was named for Europa, the sister of Cadmus. This is the background for the first of three sets of stories from Greek mythology about Thebes. The other two are the sets of stories surrounding the House of Laius, especially Oedipus and those around the conception of Dionysus. One of the more enduring figures in the Theban legends is the long-lived, transgendering Tiresias the seer. Source Ovids Narcissus (Met. 3.339-510): Echoes of Oedipus, by Ingo Gildenhard and Andrew Zissos; The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 121, No. 1 (Spring, 2000), pp. 129-147/

Workplace Crime and Honest Dealing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Workplace Crime and Honest Dealing - Essay Example Staff dishonesty is a crime committed against companies and does not solely consist of theft. Matthew Liew asserts that "crime encompasses exposures to loss from the dishonest acts of people within or outside the company." This may involve money or property of the company. Staff dishonesty could also include other types of misbehaviors such as "rule-breaking, destructive practices, non-cooperative practices, disruptive practices and misuse of facilities" (Challinger 2). One of the most common forms of staff dishonesty is theft. "Employee theft from a retail store is a term that is used when an employee steals merchandise, food, cash, or supplies while on the job" (McGoey). Theft can also be in the form of misusing employee discounts, offering discounted prices to friends, and cheating by reporting incorrect number of hours of work (Adjudicative Desk Reference). It can be assumed that this type of crime can be more damaging to retail companies because the involved persons are part of the organization, are usually trusted, and should be well-informed about the crime prevention measures that the company is adopting (McGoey). Matthew Liew adds that staff dishonesty can be detrimental to the company, especially since it may take a long time before it can be detected. Although employee theft is... Several authors believe that around 50% to 60% of employees in retail companies are guilty of dishonest conduct (Adjudicative Desk Reference). Studies conducted also indicate that staff dishonesty can equate to thousands of dollars in losses. Dennis Challinger notes that employee theft or pilferage, as opposed to other workplace crimes, is easy to measure, translating to around 1.8% of the gross national product in Britain and $40 billion a year in the United States, causing the failure of around 20% of companies in the U.S. (2). According to Kevin Philip, "staff dishonesty could account for up to 60 per cent of business losses" (9). In a separate survey by the University of Florida in 2002, employee theft accounted for disappearance of around 48% of store inventories, translating to $1.5 billion per year. The same survey found that compared to shoplifting, employee theft equated to an average loss of $1,341.02 for each case of theft, while for every shoplifting incident, average dol lar loss was only $207 (McGoey). What is obvious in several studies conducted on the prevalence of workplace dishonesty is that some of those who committed such offense are managers or those in authority. It was reported that in Britain, 8% of managers have been involved in workplace crime (Challinger 3). In a study conducted by Kevin Philip, it was found that dishonest employees in supermarkets include managers, head cashiers, front-end supervisors, cahiers, floor staff and store men. In a study that involved 1,408 retail employees in the Minneapolis area, 60% of those surveyed admitted to having committed an illegal activity, with 57% having been involved in misusing employee discount, while 12% admitted having taken a merchandise without paying for it (Adjudicative

Unit 6 Seminar Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 Seminar Public Health - Essay Example In addition, barrier protections have been a routine part of all health care institutions in reducing the spread of disease. Riegelman (2010) define immunization as the introduction of antibodies/vaccine to strengthen the immune system and to prevent or control diseases (102). Immunizations are essential to the protection of the public because it prevent infection from bacterial and viral diseases, provide either short/long-term immunity, may effectively control outbreak, and can control 70-90% of substantial population with infections from contagious viruses. On the other hand, a number of disadvantages were also noted, among of which are: some diseases such as HIV/AIDS may not have effective vaccines, immunizations are rarely 100% effective particularly among the young and the old and can produce side effects such as allergic reactions, live vaccines may cause injury to fetus or diseases to those with reduced immunity, and immunizations through inactivated vaccine may not produce long-term immunity and thus requires follow-up vaccines/boosters. Barrier protections also include isolation and quarantine. Isolation refers to the separation of the individuals with diseases from healthy population in order to prevent exposure (Riegelman, 2010, 102). Isolation and quarantine have the advantage of controlling the spread of a number of infections and serve as the basic strategies for controlling communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. However, isolation and quarantine may possibly break confidentiality of contacts’ information due to identification of individuals with diseases and follow-up of contacts. It may also lead to public recognition and social stigma placed upon affected individuals. Barrier protections such as immunizations, isolation, and quarantine encompass treatment of those with disease and their contacts and are all essential comprehensive

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay Example for Free

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay The first step in the scientific method is to perform some background research and in the news article (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). It is implied that this step had been followed because it mentions that other researchers have already made several studies and experiments and have been doing it for several years. It is obvious that the scientists in the current study have performed a background analysis of previous efforts to develop other adhesives. The second step is the formulation of the hypothesis and in this particular news, the hypothesis is whether it is possible to formulate an adhesive that emulates the capability of the hairs on the toes of the gecko lizard that are able to clean themselves without having to use water or chemicals. This would be an interesting result because normally, dirt would stick to an adhesive and it would lose its stickiness in the process. Fearing explains that the ultimate goal is to develop an all-terrain robot that can emulate the gecko lizard that could walk on dirty surfaces along walls and ceilings (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). The next step in the scientific method is to conduct several experiments to test the hypothesis and the news article provides a rough sketch of the experiments that the engineers had conducted, where they use microfibers made from stiff polymers to represent the toe hairs and microspheres with diameters ranging from three to 10 microns to simulate dirt (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). After the experiments, an analysis of the results was made, and it was mentioned that it was indeed possible for the microfibers to get rid of some of the dirt after every simulated step of a gecko lizard. As a conclusion, it is indicated that it is possible to make an adhesive that cleans itself but further studies have to be made with other kinds of surfaces because in these experiments, only glass was used. Looking at the scientific soundness of the news article, we can see that there is no mention of the sample size, which is quite common in such kinds of articles. As we can see, this article is lacking in this respect but it could be assumed that this is mentioned in the actual report made by the scientists. As for the control group, there is no specific mention of the researchers actually performing an experiment where common adhesive materials are used instead of the microfibers being studied. The news report is also lacking in this respect but it could have been assumed that it is the common knowledge of the reader that with the usual adhesive, dirt accumulates until it is no longer sticky. In the study, the independent variables are the range of the sizes of the microspheres and the characteristics of the glass surface and the microfibers. The dependent variable is the quantity of microspheres that get deposited on the glass surface every time the simulated step of a gecko is performed on it. Another dependent variable is the adhesion strength of the new adhesive material after several steps have been done. There would be some suspicion of bias in the part of the researchers if a particular result would serve to benefit them. Taken in this light, almost everyone could be suspected of bias but in this study, the scientists are scholars who appear to be genuine in their desires to create something useful for humanity. References University of California Berkeley (2008, September 10). Engineers Create New Gecko-like Adhesive That Shakes Off Dirt. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/09/080910090610. htm

An Analysis of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

An Analysis of Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn I can always remember being younger when I just wanted to runaway. I would lay in bed and say "this place sucks, I just want to leave" In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, a young boy, Huck Finn, learns what life is like growing up in Missouri and his troublesome childhood leads him to runaway from home. Throughout the story Huck learns that in order to escape and run away from home, others need help running away too. Huck lies in order to keep Jim, Huck's companion, safe along the trip. In this novel, Twain uses the Mississippi river as a symbol of freedom for both Huck and Jim. Huck was raised in a different way, much different from his friends. Huck's father was a drunk and his mother passed away. For a while Huck had the life of doing whatever he wanted. Huck becomes very sheltered because he moves in with Miss Watson and Widow Douglas. These two ladies believe that Huck must attend school, learn religion, and how to be a gentleman. Huck gets tired of living this way and wants to be free. Once he escapes from Miss Watson's, his dad finds him, making Huck live all alone in a cabin. When Pap Finn comes home, he is drunk and beats Huck. Huck figures out a way to fake his death and escape once again. He floats down the Mississippi river and lives the "freedom life." Huck retreats to Jackson Island where he meets Jim, the slave on Miss Watson's ranch. Huck and Jim decide to team up and escape together. Huck learns that Jim has run away because he may be sold to another ranch, being and slave or possibly being killed. "I hear ole missus tell de widder she gwyne to sell me to OrleansÉ" (p. 54). Floating down the river, Huck uses his lying skills to keep slave hunters away from Jim, " 'Well the five niggers run off tonight, is your man white or black?' ' He is white sir'". Huck lies are used as a survial tool for both Huck and Jim. When Huck and Jim are on the raft they live a peaceful life, except they are unable to escape the evils of society from the outside world. In their route to freedom, they come upon a couple of con men, the duke and the dauphin.

Review of the research paper on effect of positioning program Essay

The paper entitled â€Å"The effect of positioning on spontaneous movements of pre term infants†, is a well tailored research paper on the effect of positioning program in the neonatal intensive care unit on the movement patterns of the new born. The abstract of the paper include a short sentence of the objective, a summary of methods and results and a sentence of concluding remarks. It would be better if this part is not having sub headings. The last line of the methods section of abstract has some problem in the sentence construction. â€Å"The data was analyzed by appropriate statistical methods† would be more ideal. The introduction clearly highlights the need for a position program by briefly explaining the drawbacks of hypotonic extension posture, which would be assumed by pre term babies normally and has compared that with the developments of a full-term infant. But the explanation is too elaborate. It could be briefed. In the second paragraph of the introduction the objective of the study is clearly expressed. But the objectives are in the question form. It would be better if it is in the form of sentences. The detailed description of the positioning mat and the different positions in which it was used would have better included under the methods section. In introduction is very long and it could be reduced a bit especially the first paragraph. The selection criteria used is not properly cited or a reason for using such a criteria is not given. In the method section the detailed description of the position mat and different positions would have been given in the beginning of the paragraph. The use of first person â€Å"we† in the paper is not recommended. As a whole the paper express a good quality research work with significant findings that could contribute substantially towards future studies in this line.

Movie Paper Review

Michelle Jones Green block 3 1/28/13 Movie Paper Review: The Boy in Striped Pajamas The Boy in Striped Pajamas is a book that was made into a movie, set during World War Two and more specifically, the Holocaust. The book was written by John Boyne and when made into a movie was directed by Mark Herman and produced by David Heyman. The Boy in Striped Pajamas was made in 2006 and starred Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon, and Vera Farmiga. I read the book, The Boy in Striped Pajamas in 8th grade and watched to movie very soon after.The Boy in Striped Pajamas is based on the horrors of a World War Two Nazi Extermination Camp. This movie is through the eyes of two 8 year old boys; one whose father is a Nazi camp commandant and the other is a Jewish inmate. Bruno, the son of the Nazi commandant and his family just recently moved from Berlin to the countryside; which happens to have a Nazi Extermination Camp right nearby. The adventurous Bruno finds an unguarded fence where he meets and befrien ds Shmuel, a Jewish boy. Bruno soon learns the horrors of the war and so does his mother.When Bruno's father announces that the young boy and his mother will be going to live with their aunt in Heidelberg, Bruno grabs a shovel and makes his way to the camp to meet up with his friend, leading the movie into an awful sequence of events. None of the characters in this movie were real people but they were all accurate depictions of the soldiers and everyone at that time. The movie very accurately showed the differences in living being a Jew and living in the camps compared to everyone else.It also shows a child’s innocence and how children sometimes see the world completely different than adults, sometimes even in a better way. Bruno never saw anything wrong or different about Jewish people but his older sister Gretchen was being influenced by her tutor and a younger soldier to believe things she couldn’t fully understand. The movie showed the terrible things being done to the people in the Nazi camps and how propaganda was used to make uninformed people believe things that weren’t true.The movie accurately shows how live was in that time. The beginning of The Boy in Striped Pajamas was set in Berlin in 1942 during World War Two, Bruno and his family are moving to the countryside because of his father’s work. The setting then is never specified but we know it is near a Nazi Extermination Camp. The props in this movie were all very accurate and the lighting and way the shooting was done portrayed the devastating times that were during the Holocaust.The Boy in Striped Pajamas is a very good movie and a very accurate movie too. The actors playing the young 8 year old boys did an awesome job playing those parts especially at such a young age. The soldiers also did well playing Nazi’s and being very stern people. Overall this movie is a very accurate representation or what life was like during World War Two while adding its own plot a nd I would recommend this movie to anyone who would like to see what it was like for Jewish people and families of the soldier’s during the Holocaust.

Essay on Talking Styles

Essay on Talking Styles Essay on Talking Styles Essay on Talking StylesA novel approach to assessing whether people are paying significant attention to each other is language matching. According to the findings of the research team headed by James Pennebaker and Molly Ireland, the degree of similarity in the patterns of use of function words (such as pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, negations and articles) is a significant predictor of the attentiveness of people towards each other (Science News, 2010). Experimental data prove that the chances for romantic relationships and for generally good connection between people increase in the presence of strong language matching.According to Pennebaker (2014), language matching score can be used to estimate the quality of interpersonal communications. Language matching score is a number ranging from 0.5 to 1, where score of 0.5 denotes the lowest degree of language matching and 1 denotes the highest degree of language matching (Pennebaker, 2014). Pennebaker (2014) states that higher l anguage style matching scores are associated with higher quality of relationships as well as higher longevity.For assessing language style matching, I selected an everyday conversation with the help of instant messages between me and my colleague with whom we were volunteering together. Our gender is the same, and I am 10 years younger. In general, we went along quite well and it was expected that the language matching score would be high. However, the resulting language matching score was only 0.62, which is below average. According to Pennebaker (2014), typical language matching scores fall in the range between 0.75 and 0.95, with average score being 0.84. In my opinion, the resulting language matching score was too low; most likely, it was decreased by the differences in age and social status. However, these factors did not have a significant impact on getting along with the colleague; therefore, the results of language matching are notably biased.The degree of language matching depends on a variety of factors such as age and social position of the people participating in the conversation, their relatedness, the type of communication analyzed, the genre of communication chosen by every person, etc. Therefore, it cannot be viewed as a direct predictor of the quality of interpersonal relationships.According to Cigoli Gennari (2010), language style score is rather a marker of social engagement as a marker of attraction between people. In particular, people who are intensively arguing with each other are likely to have similar language styles (Science News, 2010). Furthermore, people from similar background are likely to have similar language styles even if their personalities are quite different and if they do not get along well. Hence, language matching reflects rather the extent of social similarity between people rather than the level of attraction between them (Cigoli Gennari, 2010).In my opinion, language style matching is one of the factors which might influence the quality of interpersonal relationships. The use of language and the similarity of meanings that people put into their words play an important role in the process of building relationships. The smoother the communication between people is, the easier it will be for them to understand each other and to build a connection.At the same time, language style matching should not be viewed as a definitive predictor of the quality of interpersonal relationships. In other words, if two people have low language style matching scores, this does not necessarily mean that they are not paying attention to each other or that they cannot build a relationship. The couples where the spouses are of different origin and speak different languages can be used to illustrate the idea that language matching is not the core variable for building relationships.Although research shows that it is in general more difficult for such couples to understand each other (Cigoli Gennari, 2010), there do e xist successful examples showing that the presence of shared values, goals and feelings for each other is more fundamental for relationships than language style matching. Therefore, language style matching score can be viewed as a variable which can either encourage or hinder the development of interpersonal relationships (in the case of high and low score accordingly), but which does not have such a defining impact on the relationship as more in-depth factors such as beliefs and values do. Hence, it is not reasonable to use language style matching as a predictor in interpersonal relationships.

Animal Sounds in Spanish

Animal Sounds in Spanish If a cow says moo in English, what does she say in Spanish? Mu, of course. But, when we are talking about the sounds that animals make, it is not always that simple. Although the words we give to animal sounds are an example of onomatopoeia (onomatopeya in Spanish), meaning words that are intended to imitate sounds, those sounds are not perceived the same in all languages or cultures. A Frog Makes a Different Sound For example, take the lowly frog, who says ribbit when he is in the United States. According to a language compilation done by Catherine Ball of the Department of Linguistics at Georgetown University, the source of much of the information in this article, if you take that same frog to France, he will say coa-coa. Take the frog to Korea, and he will say gae- gool-gae-gool. In Argentina, he says  ¡berp! Terms Vary by Country and Culture Below, you will find a chart that details the sounds that some animals make in Spanish, the corresponding verbs forms where they exist (in parentheses) and its English equivalents. Keep in mind that some of these terms can vary by country  and that there very well may be other additional terms in use. Having a variation of other terms should not be surprising, as in the English language we use a variety of words such as bark, bow-wow, ruff-ruff and arf to imitate the sound a dog makes. There also may be a variety of spelling alternatives to these animal sounds. Also, note that in Spanish it is possible to use the verb hacer to put a sound in verb form. For example, one could say the pig oinks by saying el cerdo hace oink-oink. List of Sounds by Spanish Speaking Animals The following list of animal sounds shows the sounds made by various Spanish-speaking animals. You will notice that some terms are similar to English, such as abeja  (bee) sounding like bzzz  similar to  our buzz. Special verb forms, where they exist, are noted in parenthesis following the word(s) for the animal sound. English forms follow the dash. See the animal sounds list below: Abeja (bee): bzzz (zumbar) - buzzBà ºho (owl): uu uu (ulular) - who, hoo, hootBurro (donkey): iii-aah (rebuznar) - heehawCaballo (horse): jiiiiiii, iiiiou (relinchar) - neigh, n-a-a-a-yCabra (goat): bee bee (balar) - b-a-a-a-aCerdo (pig): oink-oink, oinc-oinc (grunir) - oinkCuco (cuckoo): cà ºcu-cà ºcu - cuckooCuervo (crow): cruaaac-cruaaac - cawGallina (hen): coc co co coc (cacarear), kara-kara-kara-kara - cluckGallo (rooster): kikirikà ­, ki-kiri-ki (cantar) - cock-a-doodle-dooGato (cat): miau (maullar) - meowLeà ³n (lion): grrrr, grgrgr (rugir) - roar, growlMono (monkey): i-i-iOveja (sheep): bee, mee (balar) - b-a-a-a-hPaloma (dove): cu-curru-cu-cà º (arrullar)) - cooPato (duck): cuac cuac - quackPavo (turkey): gluglà º - gobblePerro (dog): guau guau, guau (ladrar) - bark, bow-wow, arf, ruffPollito (chick): pà ­o pà ­o - chirpRana (frog): cru cru, berp, croac (croar) - ribbit, croakTigre (tiger): ggggrrrr, grgrgr (rugir) - roar, growlVaca (cow): mu, mu uu (mugir) - moo

CM 1010-07E, BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS (CM1010-07E) Essay - 2

CM 1010-07E, BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS (CM1010-07E) - Essay Example Different needs can also influence the behavior of an individual. For instance, there are people are satisfied working just to earn a monthly wage and there are others with more aspiration who work even harder so that they can get promoted and receive incentives. Of course, there are also external distractions that can affect the performance of a member, such as, moonlighting. This is because he is constantly thinking about other commitments and taking on a part-time job is physically and mentally exhausting. A different mix of personalities in a team does not necessarily spell doom, so long as all members remain motivated and have the same goal congruence. Therefore, identifying a strong leader within a team that knows how to motivate and reward each member based on their needs is crucial. Constant communication and feedback will also ensure that the team is still in the same page. Having a good leader to delegate tasks equally, so that members receive a sense of common purpose and to avoid members feeling left out, is also important. Finally, a good leader should recognise the effort and job that the team as a whole have achieved, regardless of the amount of work that members have

Observational films - Corporation Documentary Research Paper

Observational films - Corporation Documentary - Research Paper Example Furthermore, in order to assess the personality of the corporation, there is a checklist employed which uses diagnostic criteria and standard tools of psychologists. These standards are applied to ensure that the organizational principles are human. But the organizational principles that are applied are highly self-interested, amoral, deceitful, and they breach the legal and social standards just to get the profits. The organization does not even suffer with guilt. â€Å"The Corporation† starts with a fast juxtaposition of familiar company logos and specific images, which supports the narration. And narration is giving you facts about the content. I realized that after the first couple of sentences my focus was so much on the visuals that the second time I watched it, I noticed I had missed some key information from the narrative. I understand that the filmmakers wanted to have gripping beginning and wanted to hit you with the important, interesting facts however I rather have something (visuals) that would allow me to think about the narration more. Also I would like the narration to be a bit slower. The bad apple metaphor is a good way to begin. It is a good example and preparation of what the documentary will sum up. It’s true that a big portion of the documentary is using archive footage to support the audio. Even though I found the selection of archival footage very specific and extraordinary, sometimes it gets a bit too literal. First time we see a face in the movie, it ends up with a good twist. The man (Ira Jackson) who is looking right at the camera (audience) finishes with a joke. This part gives you a brief break from all the â€Å"serious† stuff and hints out that this â€Å"boring† documentary about corporations will not be as tedious and boring as it seems to be. Besides having the subject looking right at

DB 6 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DB 6 - Research Paper Example Deposits refer to clients’ money that are kept with the bank while borrowings are cash and cash equivalents that a banking institution may borrow from other sources such as other commercial banks and the Federal Bank (Union Bank, 2011). Liabilities of a magazine publisher, like those of a newspaper publisher, are however diverse and can be explored in terms of current liabilities and long term liabilities. Current liabilities of the form of business organization are creditors, accrued payroll, prepaid subscriptions, accrued expenses, and outstanding taxes. Portions of long term debts and lease liabilities that falls due in a given accounting period also form part of the publishers’ short term liabilities. Long-term liabilities for the form of business include â€Å"long term debt and capital lease obligations,† â€Å"pension benefits obligations,† â€Å"post retirement benefits obligations† among other long-term commitments (New York Times, 2012, p. 55). Current liabilities of a departmental store such as Macy’s departmental stores however include â€Å"short term debt,† â€Å"merchandise accounts payable,† â€Å"accounts payable and accrued liabilities,† â€Å"income taxes and differed income taxes† and outstanding taxes while long term liabilities are long term debts, outstanding taxes and other forms of long term liabilities (Macy’s, 2012, F-5). Borrowings and outstanding taxes are the common types of liabilities for the three forms of organizations while accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued liabilities and long-term debts are common elements among magazine publishing organizations and departmental stores. Deposits are however unique for a banking institution while prepaid subscriptions are unique for a magazine publishing organization’s balance sheet and merchandise accounts payable is unique among departmental stores (Union Bank, ; New York Times, ; Macy’s, ). Project 2: A report for Alcenon’s management The Corporation leases a large percentage of its operational assets. The choice to make operating leases as opposed to capital lease has aimed at keeping lease debts out of the organization’s balance sheet in order to attain low debt rations in financial reports. Alcenon is currently negotiating a 10-year-lease on an asset whose anticipated useful life is 15 years. Terms of the lease requires ten annual lease payments at $ 20000 per year. The first installment is due at the beginning of the lease term and the value of the leased asset is $ 135180. There is no provision for transfer of title to the lessee and no provision for bargain purchase. Decision into accounting for the lease as an operating lease must however be based on accounting and legal provisions that the management must be informed of. This report explores relevant provisions to accounting for the lease and makes recommendations to the management. Accounting co ncepts for professional and legal regulation of accounting for asset lease differentiate between capital lease and operating lease and knowledge of the differences must be identified before the corporation classifies the lease. One of the factors that the management should consider is the lease duration relative to the asset’

Total quality management Literature review

Total quality management Literature review Literature review The world experienced the quality revolution in the early 1990s. From that instance organisations were improving in overall quality of the organisation. The companies around the world competed with their quality of products and services, price and delivery. Organisations believed that by improving the quality, they can achieve lower cost, fewer failures and better marketability. In this period total quality management became popular. TQM is applied in organisations to improve its effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness, by improving the overall quality of the organisation. It is focused mainly on continuous improvement. TQM is nothing but a philosophy and guide to organisations, which helps them in ways towards continuous improvement. TQM is a combination of system of systems. All the companies have not achieved competitive advantage or benefits using TQM is because of implementation and usage in the organisation. To be successful with TQM the indicators which are to be achieved by an organisation are the leadership, continuous improvements, internal or external co- operation, customer focus, learning, employee fulfilment and process management. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0291030201.html http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/1060120604.html http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0400140507.html http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=/published/emeraldfulltextarticle/pdf/1760030104.pdf According to Hansson and Klefsjà ¶ (2003) TQM can be defined as a management system, which consists of three interdependent units, namely core values, techniques and tools. But the definitions for total quality management are vague. The aim of TQM is Zero defect and it mainly emphasis on quality. The core values of TQM which will lead to better quality in the organisation is summarised from the authors (Boulter and Bendell, 2002, Ehresman, 1995, Ghobadian and Gallear 1995, Hansson and Klefsjà ¶ 2003, 2006 ) it is divided into three parts, first the whole organisation has to committed and work towards common goal i.e. continuous improvement. Secondly the customers are to be focused, through better satisfaction in the products and services. The decisions made with regard to customers are to be given the highest priority by top level management. Thirdly the decisions must be taken with trusted facts and figures. http://demo1.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet;jsessionid=5FBEA684473F22B9FAE30638F23D3534?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/1060150201.html Boulter, L., Bendell, T. (2002), How can ISO 9000:2000 help companies achieve excellence? What the company think, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 6 No.2, pp.37-41. Ehresman, T. (1995), Small Business Success through TQM, ASQC Quality Press, Milwaukee, WI. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VC4-3VW1BRW-8-2_cdi=5944_user=138221_orig=search_coverDate=02%2F29%2F1996_sk=999759998view=cwchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzkmd5=a2afeab00d66a4e64f8e3a30e84385dfie=/sdarticle.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VCT-4MHPHMF-C-5_cdi=5963_user=138221_orig=search_coverDate=12%2F01%2F2007_sk=998169997view=cwchp=dGLbVzb-zSkWzmd5=e471fdc0aece7732196abd9705804b37ie=/sdarticle.pdf http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0291080901.html From the definition and study it is stated that the environmental management is a part of quality management. When the organisation is moving towards total improvement in performance, the environmental performance has its presence. Governments and agencies around the world created quality systems to help the organisations to achieve their quality objectives through quality management systems and environmental performance in environmental management systems. The QM and EMS share a common aim and values. QM and EMS are integrated now. According to Wilkinson and Dale, 1998 and Karapetrovic and Willborn, 1998 integration can be carried out in many different ways but, the results differ in terms of applying it and it is also called as system of systems. Wilkinson, G., Dale, B.G. (1998), System integration: the views and activities of certification bodies, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 No.4, pp.288-92 Karapetrovic, S., Willborn, W. (1998), Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 No.3, pp.204-13. For example the ISO has developed management systems separately for quality management and environmental management i.e. ISO9000 for quality and ISO14000 for environmental management. Integration was done by the technical committee in 2004 between quality and environment systems. They had explored the common factors between two systems and modified ISO 14000-2004 to enable organisations to use both systems at once. This resulted in superior performance in many organisations. They introduced the PDCA which is common for both systems. Bernardo et al, 2008 http://demo1.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0510200405.html#idb31 Environmental management and quality management are parallel to each other. They have common factors like zero defects and no wastage and the process of implementation with corrective and preventive actions. But some basic value does not integrate, exactly with each other. QMS mainly concentrates on consumer requirements and on the other had EMS focuses on the environment. According to Chinn a new concept was formed in late 90s which was named as QEMS which means quality and environment management system. It has stated the common elements they worked upon. They are planning, objectives, management responsibility, communication, training, control of records and many others. So when an organisation need to equipped with total quality system, the EMS will also must be in place to monitor the environmental sustainability measures from the organisation. What is Benchmarking? In the present business scenario, quality has become a major criterion in all aspects of the organisation, so the managers have taken up quality improvement tools such as total quality management, quality function development and continuous improvement. The exertion of these tools is to discover the flaws in the organisational process. The next step is to convert these flaws and improving the component. Here the question rises of how to fix these inadequacies? Benchmarking is the way to fix them. As benchmarking is a quality improvement process. It is a systematic process of searching and monitoring the best practices in the sector. Benchmarking has been the concept of imitating the best practices in the industry. Organizations have to achieve cost benefits, better operations and better environment by which it induces the company to learn quickly and cheaply from adopting the best practices and performance standards from other companies in order to get better competitive advantage over its competitors. This can be extended anywhere because the ultimate goal is to be best in class. Benchmarking is commonly used tool in the organisations. This technique can be implemented in all sectors and it is due to increasing competitiveness. Benchmark means to a unit on a scale for measurement. It was a fashionable concept for the large manufacturing companies which predominantly uses quantitative economic parameters, such as inventory turnover, set-up times, lead time, direct labour time or working time, return on sales, return on equity are measured.(Miller et al.,1992). Nowadays benchmarking is used everywhere and it is used to measure any process, activity, procedure in an organisation which may be of products or services. Many authors and literatures have given many different forms of definitions for benchmarking. Definitions from Sarkis, Andersen and pettersen and Marosszeky and Karim are benchmarking means comparing the practices, operations, results of an organisation with the best organisation in the sector and adopt and practice the techniques used in there to improve ones own organisation. And it focuses on continuous improvement, in quality and helps to learn from the competitors. Through which the faults and breakthroughs in the organisation can be easily identified and systematically dealt with. It also helps in improving the overall quality and business environment carried out through learning from each other. It forms a continuous and systematic improvement in an organisations processes, products and services which are being monitored and adopted from the best practices globally or nation wide or in a particular sector. Benchmarking is used to achieve and maintain high level of competitiveness. It monitors the continuous improvement by the process of measuring the products, services and business practices against the best practices in the industry. The organisations strengths and weakness can be easily identified and measured with the best and toughest competitors in the industry. Best practices is finding and using the best ways to achieve the desired objectives in the organisation. It is done by imitating the practices and processes of the organisation who are leaders in the sector and measuring the ways it worked with. Benchmarking can be done in five steps for an organisation. Firstly the required data are collected in a planned manner from the organisation and the data is converted into a report format, which make it easy for analyzing the situation. After creating a report the gaps are to be detected and corrective action has to be implemented to fill the gaps. When the gaps in the organisation are corrected, review has to be done in regular intervals and reported. It is compared with best practice in the industry. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/04/02091848/1 Many organisations are not aware of what needed to be benchmarked. because of the lack of management knowledge. A key issue is that what to benchmark in business or an organisation. It is mainly used to compare and measure of business and product performance and how it is extended to the business processes. Determining the issues to be benchmarked is a critical issue. The following questions can aid to the question of what to benchmark with environment (Cassell et. al.., 2001) To find the critical factors which are of organisations success To find the process causing the trouble in the system To find the process which contribute to maximum customer satisfaction and in which the performance is not to the expectation Examine and define the competitive pressures impacting the organisation What the processes which have the greatest potential for differentiating in the business competitiveness? Environmental benchmarking The environmental benchmarking is derived from benchmarking and it mainly focuses on the natural environment. It helps the organisation to become green and eco efficient by adopting the practices from the leaders in industry. It is also a quality improvement tool and has become very essential to an organisation. They are used to achieve environmental performance in the organisation i.e. it helps the organisation to manipulate on the natural environment. It is adapted in many organisations due to the pressure from stake holders, public and authorises. According to Greeno and Robinson 1992, Demands on companies to measure, document and disclose information about environmental performance will become invasive.and environmental performance will become a critical factor to scrutinize. It is been predicted a decade ago, and the governments has now made it mandatory and bought it to the legislations that organisations must be environmental conscious and friendly. According to Szekely, et. al.., 1996, Makrinou et al 2008 and Mandaraka, et. al 2003 Environmental benchmarking is used by various organisation in their practices, process and in business operation to achieve environmental efficiency and environmental performance. The tool framed to rigorously concentrate on every activity of the organisation and examines and compares the process to achieve its objectives. The process is the elimination and rectification of weak activities and processes in the organisation and the objective is to identify and access the abilities and attributes in business to achieve maximum environmental performance. Most of the weak activities cause heavy pollution and burden to the environment. The weak process and activities are very dangerous to the environment and life. The world in has seen many industrial disasters in last two decades due to unhealthy practices and operations by the environment. The best examples are the Efficient and maximum usage of virgin materials in the organisation, recycling of waste, waste, treatment plant to neutralise end pipe discharge, maximum utilization of assets and machinery and power saving equipments and minimum usage of non renewable resource. Minor modifications in the process of operations in the organisations, will lead to lesser impact on the environment and can avoid these kinds of disasters in future. The improved process, practices and operations can be identified from the best practices. Benchmarking tools helps in finding the best practices in national and international level. Environmental benchmarking is an integral part of environmental management systems. This helps in setting up of goals and targets for an organization towards environmental efficiency. It also helps in monitoring the performance of the targets which are to be achieved towards better environment. It is one of the tools used in management systems like EMS (Bolli and Emtairah 2001). Environmental management system EMS is a management type system which aims in managing the environmental aspects of the organisation in a pro active way, and it directly relates to the organisations overall performance. It relates to the process, practices, products and services and day to day operations. The main objective of Ems is to continually improve the environmental performance of the organisation with overall performance. Ems is a collection of policies, statements, assessments, plan and actions which directly or indirectly affects the organisation and its performance. Organisations achieve environmental performance with Ems in a systematic manner. It is a continuous cycle which plans, implements, reviews and improves the practices and processes of the organisation for continuous improvement towards environmental sustainability. Ems mainly focuses on minimizing the environmental impacts of the organisation on the natural environment. The main objectives of Ems for the SMEs are It induces the organisation to have an environmental management system. It assists the SMEs in understanding the concepts of Ems in their operations, in order to help the management to adopt precisely. This reduces the impacts on natural environment and it is easy to comply with the regulation. This helps in cost savings and increased productivity. The third objective is developing a awareness with the SMEs entrepreneurs, regarding the importance of environment and the organisations impact on them. It helps the SMEs in creating a strong foundation to implement the international standards like ISO and EMAS in organisations. According to British standards institute, Ems is defined as the organisational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for determining and implementing environmental policy. According to BSI is nothing but an environmental policy which outlines the organisations commitment to the environmental performance. Many organisation in different countries follow and adopt the environmental management system such as BS8555, ISO 14000 series, EMAS, Green dragon. But in common it works on the Deming Cycle. Plan, what you are going to do, do what you planned to do, check to ensure that you did what you planned to do and act to make improvements. SMEs adopt EMS EMS is an unobserved quality. It can be examined only by the drivers, practices. The organisations are motivated to use EMS and its environmental strategies to increase their efficiency and legitimacy. It is very controversial because from the study of states those SMEs are not only motivated by the rewards and befits such as environmental performance, organisational/business performance and export orientation but they are pressurized to adopt EMS by their stake holders and institutional pressures. According to Khanna and Anton 2002 EMS becomes complete when they are more environmental practices is undertaken in the organisation. The environmental practices are the environmental policy, evaluation, training for employees, regular audits of internal and external in nature, environmental performance and benchmarking with the best practices, goals and targets and public report. Motivation and EMS Motivation is the driving force behind for an organisation to implement a management techniques or tool or system in their operations and business process. The factors and statistics which can be used to motivate the organisations to implement EMS in their organisation and in the same time become environmentally sustainable and reduce the impact on natural environment. The factors are the organisation can achieve compliance with the regulations of the government, it creates an eco friendly image to the stake holders and better marketability options and it also reduces cost with greater organisational performance. Export orientation In the globalised world export and import has taken the centre stage. Export orientation becomes imperative when organisation operates within or depends on the foreign markets. When the goods are carried out of national borders EMS becomes essential to meet the demands of the importing country and the needs of diverse customers. Buyers gain trust of exporters by looking into the operations and eco friendly procedures and facilities implemented in the organisation. EMS and organisational Performance A management system is framed and practiced in the business is to gain from the management practices. The gain or benefit can be in the form of monetary benefit or non monetary benefit. EMS and environmental performance EMS and pressure on SMEs SMEs are exposed to stakeholders pressure to adopt environmental management system. The stakeholders are person, group, organisation or the government which has a direct or indirect stake in the organisation and can or would be affected by the organisations policy, decision and operations. The stake holders for an SME are Regulatory pressure The regulatory pressure is created from the regulators, governments, insurers on the organisation to curb their pollution levels and employ eco friendly operations and which doesnt impact the natural environment. If the organisations fail, it is imposed with fines, penalties, strategic actions or even closure of firms. The regulatory pressure creates an opportunity for the organisation to become more competitive and capitalize of the situation. But when the regulation becomes stricter, the SMEs are compelled to implement costly pollution control technologies. Better pollution control leads to lesser insurance premiums and better credit options from the bank and financial agencies. Market pressure In this competitive world the organisations are concerned about the market share. Customers have become concerned about the natural environment and they have started to use the products and services of the organisations which are eco efficient and sustainable towards the environment. When organisation adopts EMS it increases organisations reputation. The market pressures drive the managers to adopt EMS to survive in the business and to stay competitive. Social pressure An organisation must have a better public image to survive and competitive in the market. To gain the image the organisation need to become environmental friendly and work towards continual improvement. The word social include the environmental organisation, community groups, labour unions and association which regards to trade. There is been a increase in awareness towards the natural environment in recent times because of industrial accident like Bhopal disaster and Exxon oil spill which shock the world. When an organisation does not implement EMS in their organisation the worst scenario of boycott of goods and it may damage the image in the business environment. Ownership pressure This pressure is imposed on the organisation by their share holders. In SMEs the share holders are in the form of partnership within the company. The pressure is on the organisation to adopt EMS with wide-range of tools and techniques to create an environmental friendly organisation. Organisation is prone to financial liabilities when it has a poor reputation in terms of environment and performance. Internal and external barriers to SMEs in adopting EMS Internal barriers are of resources, understanding and perception, implementation and attitudes and company culture. SMEs are lack of time from the management and staff, to concentrate on EMS implementation and maintenance. Staffs in SMEs lack managerial skill and it is not possible for SMEs to give training due to the constraint of limited resources. When there is an inexperienced or unskilled staff force it becomes difficult to implement EMS, because lack of understanding of the procedures, policies and legal compliances. Implementation of EMS is very cumbersome. Minor breaches in the implementation would cause a heavy loss of resources to the organisation and possible deregistration from the standards. SMEs have to concentrate on continual improvement and it is very difficult to adopt in every stage on the process. The external barriers are the obstacles and hindrances which arise from the external environment of the organisation. High costs of recruiting a consultant and verification/ certification is a major barrier to the SMEs. They are limited number of verifiers in each country and it becomes more expensive to hire. SMEs are not beneficial with EMS because of change in economic climate and Uncertainty which prevails within the market for the value of EMS standard. Benefits and disbenefits of SMEs adopting EMS Small and medium scale enterprises around the world share common characteristics. According to - SMEs around the world contribute 70 percent of pollution ie the SMEs cause great impact to the natural environment. So the EMS model was adapted to SMEs from large scales enterprises. SMEs adapting EMS face disbenefits or non materialization benefits from EMS in their organisation. They are being classified into three (i) resources (ii) surprises (iii) lack of rewards. SMEs characteristics are it lacks professionalism, lack of knowledge, is has started with a minimum capital, lack of skills and time. They also have the barrier of specialized staff and skills to co ordinate the EMS activities in the organisation. The SME has to rely completely on consultants for the certification and adaption on EMS. It is evident that, some may misguide and it results in negative results and wastage of resources for the organisation. SMEs have to incur cost of certification and implementation which is of high capital expenditure to the organisation. which is beyond reach for many organisations. The EMS surprises the SMEs with resources and time spent to implement system which are complex in nature. The other surprises are it is difficult to meet the expectations of all stake holders, it difficult to synchronise with other management