Fast food restaurant Essay

Examination on Fast Food Culture and Its Double-symptoms to the world from the Development of American Fast Food ?. Presentation Fast food is turning out to be increasingly more mainstream around the globe these years. It is assessed that there are in excess of 100 parts of McDonald’s and KFC just in Beijing. The appearances of the cheap food stimulate another thing named â€Å"fast-food culture†, and furthermore the discussion about this culture by individuals. ?. Brief history of American inexpensive food 1. McDonald’s two siblings named Richard and Maurice McDonald left their home in New Hampshire and looking for employments in southern California. From the start they took a stab at opening a theater however it was anything but a triumph. At that point they got on to the new rage of eating at drive-in eateries and they opened one of every 1939, in Pasadena, California, calling it â€Å"McDonald’s Famous Hamburgers†. (http://hello. baidu. com/) 2. The Emergences and Expansion of KFC, shorted from Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of drive-through eateries situated in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC essentially sells chicken in type of pieces, wraps, plates of mixed greens , sandwiches, etc. The ubiquity and curiosity of KFC made it well known and famous all through the world. The inexpensive food like KFC is additionally evolved in the entire world. (http://www. kfc. com. cn) ?. The Development of Fast Food Industry Most individuals believe that it is the McDonald siblings who start the cheap food fever in America, yet in actuality, it is the White Castle burger chain that really begun inexpensive food history in America. J. Walter Anderson opened the principal White Castle in 1916 in Wichita, Kansas, Richard and Maurice McDonald, the two siblings who made the first McDonald’s eatery in 1948 in San Bernardino, California. By 1953, the siblings had chosen to establishment their thought, and two franchisees opened in Downey, California and Phoenix, Arizona. Today, cheap food chains have spread all around the globe, and have spread American culture directly alongside them. There are a lot progressively mainstream chains, as Carl’s Jr. , Arby’s, Domino’s and Dairy Queen, demonstrating that cheap food isn’t consistently about cheeseburgers. ?. Globalization In 2006, the worldwide cheap food advertise developed by 4. 8% (Linda Stradley, 2008) Globalization is that the world is moving endlessly from independent national economies towards a reliant, incorporated worldwide financial framework. It alludes to the move toward a progressively incorporated and reliant world economy. Cheap food is turning out to be increasingly more famous around the globe these years. It is assessed that there are in excess of 100 parts of McDonald’s and KFC just in Beijing. Be that as it may, the inexpensive food sell in China which unrefined material is consistently fabricates in different nations. So if something changed in China, it is certain influences different nations. Cheap food is as of now spread into the world, it is certain expansion the information between nations. End Throughout the world, American inexpensive food chains have become images of Western monetary turn of events, opening wherever from Bulgaria to Western Samoa.and pulled in countless customers and the financial advantages. Inexpensive food industry is chosen by the advancement of social advancement and monetary turn of events, it improves people’s expectations for everyday comforts and lifestyle. The cheap food industry is a significant industry of living condition and speculation condition, and furthermore a significant part of the buyer relaxation, the travel industry, utilization, shopping and spending. The opposition in the inexpensive food advertise is strongly, yet ought to be centered around one viewpoint: that is, to eat cheap food with nourishment, wellbeing. Unhealthy inexpensive food as a high-fat food isn't appropriate for eating. Inexpensive food has twofold sided impacts on the advancement of economy and people’s life. Despite the fact that inexpensive food despite everything have such a significant number of deficiencies of either, This sort of food culture is genuine created to be a piece of people’s life, regardless of the analysis of cheap food is valid or not, inexpensive food is still to be a pattern later on. Works Cited Linda Stradley. 2008. What’s Cooking America New York: New York University Press http://howdy. baidu. com/http://www. kfc. com. cn.

Managing a Banks Sources and Uses of Funds Essay

Dealing with a Banks Sources and Uses of Funds - Essay Example The paper Dealing with a Bank’s Sources and Uses of Funds gives an outline of the chief kinds of stores offered by TD Bank. Direct stores offered by TD Bank empower the record holder to benefit the assigned pay sums payable through pay checks or government managed savings checks without trusting that the checks will clear. Assets are made accessible to the record holder on the assigned date. Remote stores are one more item offered by the TD Bank. This empowers the record holders to store their checks from their office by examining the check and sending the picture to the bank. The bank catches the picture and the assets are accessible to the record holder on the exceptionally next business day. It has been casted a ballot as outstanding amongst other national banks that offers its clients great administrations and accommodation in banking through odd hours. The Bank offers serious paces of enthusiasm on its stores. The bank’s loan fees on investment accounts and other s tore accounts are a lot higher than different banks. The bank offers its clients various worth included advantages that remember a waiver for charges on access to online articulations for a long time, free web based banking, free bill pay administrations, access to versatile managing an account with free portable stores, and waiver on buy expenses for a gift voucher. The non-store liabilities of the TD Bank incorporate home loans, capital notes, and debentures. The premium earned from these items is a lot higher when contrasted with the market rates offered by other money related foundations.

50 Years of NASA

50 Years of NASA Yesterday morning, something odd appeared on MITs campus It was a hack! For those of you just tuning in, a hack at MIT is clever, elegant, and anonymous prank, designed to amuse and catch the attention of the MIT community (and sometimes the world), while also providing interesting physical and logistical challenges for their perpetrators. As youd expect, hacking is one of MITs most celebrated traditions, and the actual hacks that result are admired by pretty much everyone on campus. This particular hack was done to honor the 50th anniversary of NASA, which was founded in 1958 and began operations on October 1 of that year. Naturally, no one really knows for sure who executed the hack, but I figure some people in MITs legendary Course 16 program (Aero/Astro Department) would be a good guess. I first heard about the hack from a few friends talking about in the morning, and I managed to catch a glimpse of it on my way to a 7.03 (genetics) exam in the morning. After the exam, I headed over to the hack, which had been put on the Dot in front of the Green Building. The Dot is one of the few grassy areas on MITs rather urban campus, so its a prized location for playing ultimate, having picnics, and naturally hacks. The hack looks okay from the ground but not incredibly impressive. Fortunately, the Green Building provided an excellent location for trying to shoot a better photo, so I took the elevator to the 18th floorand promptly realized there were no public lounges from which I could try to to take a photo, only private offices. Fortunately, a few of the doors were open, so I picked one near the middle, poked my head in, and asked the (slightly confused) occupant, Im really sorry to bother you, but can I please borrow your window for a moment to take a photo? Happily, the grad student said yes. (See, even grad students can be nice sometimes.) I climbed up to their window, looked down, and saw this: The Green Building was too close to the Dot for me to see the entire thing! It ended up being an okay photo of Walker Memorial, where I had just taken my genetics exam (on the left), and the Big Sail sculpture, but not quite what I was looking for. So before leaving, I snapped a quick photo of the Boston skyline, which happened to look rather foreboding at the time thanked the confused but polite grad student and then headed down to find a better vantage point. Deciding that multiples of three were a good rule to follow, I tried the 15th floor first, but the view was basically the same. I ran down the 12th floor next, where I seemed to be getting closer ..but not quite what I wanted. I did, however, see something pretty amusing while wandering around the floor, which apparently happened to be dedicated to geological research. I noticed that many of the scientists in the Building had a habit of putting interesting things on their doors comic strip cutouts, photos, and the like to make things more welcoming. But I have to say that this was the most amusing by far. Finally, on the 10th floor although not a multiple of three! -I found a view that proved much more suitable for my purposes, and I finally snapped the photo I had come for. All in all, it was definitely a great way to spend 20 minutes between classes. I think its safe to say MIT is one of the few places on earth that would choose to celebrate NASAs birthday with a hack. Just another reason I love this school.

Cumbia Music and Gender Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1093 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? Colombia is a beautiful country, that is the home to forty-seven million people. The flag is made of three colors yellow, blue and red. The countrys capital is Bogota and the language is Spanish. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cumbia Music and Gender Roles" essay for you Create order Colombia was named after Christopher Columbus, as part of the New Granada colony. Colombia is a country that is located in the top part of South America. The land is made up of mostly forests, the Andes mountains, and many coffee plantations. Colombia is known for their coffee as well as being the place where the music and dance style, Cumbia, was created. While doing the research I found that cumbia music and dance styles are more male based. Before I can start to explain the role, cumbia has in Colombia, I first need to discuss the history of the Colombia. According to Delia Zapata in her Introduction to the Folk Dances of Colombia Indian, African slaves and Spaniards were the three major influences that helped develop Colombian culture (Zapata 1967, 91). The Spanish conquerors brought some of their own dances such as contradanza. The Indians and the African slaves adopted some of the dances that the Spaniards brought but each group chose what went well with their own culture. The Colombian population racial background is made up of a mixture of African slaves, Spaniards, and Indians. Cumbias music style is so popular that you can find it all over Latin America. This can be seen in Argentina as Pablo Vila and Pablo Sem?n stated Argentina have with the seemingly sexist and obscene lyrics of cumbia villera, which often portray women as sluts (Vila and Seman 2011, 4). An example of the sexualized lyrics towards women would be the song Mi Cucu by La Sonora Dinamita. In the song his lyrics are Que lindo es tu cucu Tan bello tu cucu Redondito y suavecitoCuando te pones pantal?n Y te tocas por detr?s Se me suelta el corazon Y te quiero mas In this song cucu is a word to represent a womans butt and the male artist is talking about how the ladys butt looks round, soft and just so nice in her jeans that he cannot control himself. Another song that shows sexizliztion towards women is Atrevete Te by Calle 13 one of the lyrics is Hello deja el show Sbete la minifalda hasta la espalda Subetela deja el show mas alta This lyric basically means that he wants the girl to lift her mini skirt high up to her back so that she can give them a show. As you can see these cumbia songs are very sexualized towards women because they only want them for their bodys. Cumbia music has a unique sound and it is mainly made up of percussion and wind instruments. Some instruments that are in cumbia music are the merry drum, calling drum, bass drum, maracas, and gaitas. An interesting fact is that there is a male and a female gaita. This instrument is composed of two long flutes called Gaitas: A male, which has only one hole and the female which has five holes. The male gives rhythmic and harmonic support to the female which carries the melody. They are supposed to be played always together, in fact, they are made at the same time in such a way that for any given male or female Gaita there is only one partner it sounds really well with (Munoz). Another instrument in cumbia music is la flauta de Millo. Brass instruments can also be heard in cumbia music such as trumpets and trombone. Other instruments are guitar, bass guitar, piano, and accordion. The basic musical rhythm of Cumbia is 4/4 (Visbal 2018,13). The dance style cumbia that is very popular shows how these gender roles. Delia Zapata also stated that, The origin is believed to be tri-ethnic and it represents the amorous conquest of women by man (Zapata 1967,92). This folk dance is almost always danced in pairs. For example, in folk dances, the women in the dance are reserved but graceful, however they are also very sensual in the way they move their hips. The women that dance cumbia traditionally typically wear long skirts and carry a candle. The men on the other hand are more free, ebullient and seen as more macho. The men in the performance usually wear hats, white pants and shirts with a red scarf tied around their neck and or hips. When dancing the folklore dance of cumbia, one of two ensembles accompany the dance. One is conjunto de cana de millo and the other is the conjunto de gaitas. As a traditional dance of slaves, Cumbia was associated only with the lower social classes until the mid-20th century. Today, some of the stigma has disappeared, but it remains a dance which is most popular amongst poorer people (Visbal 2018,11). In conclusion, Colombia has had a very interesting background from having the Spaniards come and take over the Indians land and bringing the African slaves. And it is because of this that all three of the cultures were combined and this is how Colombia came to be. Which is also why we now have the music and dance genre of cumbia. Cumbia has become very popular all-over Latin America, that other Latin American cultures have adapted cumbia to their own culture. Cumbia is also a type of dance style. In the folklore dance the women are supposed to be reserved while the man is seen as macho. Percussion and wind instruments are the main instruments that are found in all cumbia music. Cumbia music has always been male dominated as you can see in the two-music example above which were the songs Mi Cucu by La Sonora Dinamita and Atrevete Te Te by Calle 13. In both songs they have lyrics that sexualize women they talk about their body for example their butts. However, in the past few years th ere have been many female artists that have come up in cumbia music. A big female star would be Selena Quintanilla, she came out with many great cumbia hits in the mid- nineties such as Como La Flor, Bidi Bidi Bom Bom, Baila Esta Cumbia and many more. These songs were such big hits that many people in our new generations are continuing to listen to her music. And its not only her, there are other artists such as Tot? la Momposina, Thal? ­a, Margarita, la diosa de la cumbia, and eight more female artist. Hopefully in the future there will be many more female artists paving the way in cumbia music.

O Connor s Life - 1323 Words

Known for her short stories and well known novels, author Flannery O’Connor has been a vision of American literature for the last eighty years. Born and raised in Savannah, Georgia during the Great Depression, O’Connor grew up during an era of hardship and trouble trying to focus on her studies while her family was battling financial difficulties. During this time of O’Connor’s life is where her short stories begin to form and her desire to share her experiences of love, friendship, and life blossomed into these short stories. O’Connor’s writing centers around her upbringing in the old south, the strong religious nature of the Bible Belt, all while characterizing her youthfulness are highlighted in two of her greatest short stories titled;†¦show more content†¦As the misfit begins to try and teach the grandmother and friends about his beliefs, the misfit seems to rely upon the phrase, â€Å"My daddy said I was a different breed of d og from my brothers and sisters† (O’Connor) to try and teach people why he is different. He [the misfit] was born this way, not raised to believe the things he does. This awareness of being a misfit or the black sheep of the family seems to be synonymous with having a child that is homosexual. When the misfit in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† says, â€Å"My daddy said I was a different breed of dog from my brothers and sisters† (O’Connor) there seems to be a direct correlation to where Michelle Dean talks about coming out as a lesbian, â€Å". . . the way we live in a particular society is dangerous for humanity† (Dean). Being the black sheep of the family, the misfit and the grandmother had an interesting relationship because of how her acceptance of his differences would never be welcomed with open arms. The same parallel can be tied in together with O’Connor’s strict Bible Belt religious upbringing. A sin in the eyes of th e grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is evidently nothing when looked upon the misfit. Time lining America’s cultural changes has left a window of separation between the grandmother and the misfit which is understanding yet the power struggle that has come under fire later on in the story haunts the theme of acceptance to the core. The timing of when O’Connor was

Vertical Farming The Demand is Rising - 1275 Words

Vertical Farming: The Demand is Rising According to an extensive projection research project, the population of America is expected to increase to approximately 438 million citizens by the year 2050 (Passel). This is a sharp increase in today’s population of roughly 315 million. If this projection is accurate, it looks like our nation is at a high risk of overpopulation. Imagine living in a town where you can’t drink tap water without the risk of contracting numerous illnesses from it. Where the only food that hasn’t been put through countless forms of processing is far beyond your budget. Where going outside isn’t refreshing because the place you live in is so crowded you feel like you’re going to suffocate. This is just a taste of what overpopulation looks like. However, there is a huge step we can take to prevent dangerously crowded cities. We have a lot of land that is being used for farming, and this farmland could be renovated into citi es. Vertical farming could be the key improvement to our country’s rise in population. In his book The World is Flat, Thomas Friedman wrote of numerous techniques that the most successful individuals and businesses use to ensure they remain at the top of the food chain. Using these techniques decrease the likelihood of an individual’s job being outsourced or automated, and help companies stay successful. Vertical farming has great potential because it requires a vast amount of synthesis between workers, and it applies toShow MoreRelatedVertical Farming : The Solution For Water Shortage2004 Words   |  9 PagesTanner Gohl Professor Karen Fitts English 101 11/15/16 Vertical Farming: The Solution to Water Shortage â€Å"If we do nothing, we shall all surely perish!† You have probably heard this phrase spoken by many a doomsayer and have thought nothing of it. Dismissing it as folly, you content yourself by believing that it is â€Å"Simply nonsense!† or more commonly, â€Å"It won’t happen during my generation.† However, this view, when contrasted with our current situation, is detrimental to all of us. While it is understandablyRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Human Population1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world has gone from about 2 million people to just over 7 million people. With this drastic change in population in such a short period of time compared to the total age of the earth, problems are no doubtable going to arise. From the demand of the ever rising human population on the earth, food accessibility, depletion of natural resources, and an increase in global warming affects all have detrimental consequences on our human population and our own e arth that may not be reservable. 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Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and long periods of drought are on the increase. Across the globe, conflicts consistently disrupt farming and food production. Prices rise, consumers often shift to cheaper, less-nutritious foods, heightening the risks of micronutrient deficiencies and other forms of malnut rition. The problem is further aggravated by adverse climatic conditions, withRead MoreAn Industry Study on the Intensive Pig Farming Industry15104 Words   |  61 PagesExecutive Summary Intensive pig farming is an agricultural industry that operates by raising live pigs for slaughtering which will then be turned into pork for human consumption. Piggeries, as the firm is called, serve as a major food source in the Philippines, with the highest grossing per capita consumption among red meats. The industry is fairly attractive to investors as its high capital requirement and risky nature is effectively balanced out by the steady demand of a readily available marketRead MoreThe Effects Of Algae Biofuels On The United States2097 Words   |  9 PagesIncreased energy demands, the need for dependence on oil imports, and rising oil prices have created a new found interest in renewable, biomass fuels. The U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) added onto the Renewable Fuel Standard that required that all U.S. transportation fuels contain at least 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels by 2022. Algae biofuels have the potential to make a significant contribu tion to achieving these goals and having our nation become an energy independent

Comparison of John Keats on the Sonnet free essay sample

Poems used: John Keats On the Sonnet 1848 If by dull rhymes our English must be chained, And, like Andromeda, the Sonnet sweet Fettered, in spite of pained loveliness; Let us find out, if we must be constrained, Sandals more interwoven and complete To fit the naked foot of poesy; Let us inspect the lyre, and weigh the stress Of every chord, and see what may be gained By ear industrious, and attention meet; Misers of sound and syllable, no less Than Midas of his coinage, let us be Jealous of dead leaves in the bay-wreath crown; So, if we may not let the Muse be free,She will be bound with garlands of her own William Shakespeares Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove: O no! it is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of John Keats on the Sonnet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Loves not Times fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickles compass come: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom.If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved. | John Keats On the Sonnet and William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116 take different approaches to delivering a message to their audience. Keats uses an imitative rhyme scheme (rhyme imitating intention) to discuss the challenges and restrictions of the sonnet whereas Shakespeare sticks religiously to traditional form to discuss his view on true love. Both poems effectively convey meaning through a 14 line, iambic pentameter sonnet; however the devices and tone of each vary. Keats employs many techniques which help convey his contention to us. Put simply, the intent of Keats poem On the Sonnet is to challenge the traditional form of the sonnet; I do not believe, however, that Keats despises the Sonnet form, I think that he believes that although it can be restrictive due to its form and metre, the restrictions are the mere essence of its beauty. On analysis of the poem, we see that Keats has rejected both the Petrarchan and Shakespearian sonnet rhyme schemes by using a rhyme scheme of his own. He begins with two irregularly rhymed tercets, followed by another irregular quatrain, and ending with an alternating quatrain: a b c / a b d / c a b c / d e d e.This rhyme scheme reflects his focus of unchaining poetry from â€Å"dull rhymes† (1), thus not only reflecting the meaning of the poem, but also enhancing it. The theme of imprisonment is introduced by referring to our English as â€Å"chained† (1), and then going on to call Sonnet â€Å"fettered† (3). He also uses a simile involving the punishment of A ndromeda (a Greek Mythological Princess), by comparing her imprisonment to the restrictions he feels the sonnet place on poets; â€Å"in spite of pained loveliness,† (3) still bound and shackled to a rock.The poem then goes on to compare â€Å"poesy† (6) to that of interwoven sandals which are â€Å"complete† and â€Å"fit the naked foot† (5-6). This comparison can be interpreted positively; that although the sandal (metaphor for the sonnet) is interwoven, it is complete and fits the wearer perfectly because of its restricting weaves. If we compare Keats sonnet to Shakespeare’s sonnet Sonnet 116, we can see that both poets have conveyed a message of great importance through a 14 line, iambic pentameter sonnet. Although Keats form was slightly off traditional, Shakespeare follows loyally to the Shakespearian Sonnet form.Both poems have no setting. Regardless of this, the imagery in the poems helps to set the mood for the reading. For example in Keats sonnet we have images of chains, being bound, royalty (King Midas and Princess Andromeda) and flowered crowns, these images support the idea of poetry being important and beautiful however still restricting. In Shakespeare’s sonnet we are being given nautical imagery to guide us in the reading. The idea of â€Å"tempests† (6) gives us an image of a violently windy storm creating rough seas but then the North Star, dependable and ever fixed, shines through and guides the wandering, lost ship.Differentiating from Keats multifaceted point of view, Shakespeare takes one singular stance on the topic of his poem; that true love never alters, that it is an â€Å"ever fixed mark† (5). As mentioned above he uses the â€Å"star to every wandering bark† (7) as a metaphor for how love may guide a lost and troubled soul back to safety. Along with this extended metaphor Shakespeare also employs repetition (love-love, alters-alteration, remover-remove) to reinforce the statements that he is trying to make.This repetition could almost sound like Shakespeare is preaching to us, gaining momentum in his argument then coming to the climax by exclaiming â€Å"o-no! † concluding with his contention that â€Å"it is an ever fixed mark†. In conclusion both poems are aesthetically beautiful; in form, rhythm, metre, language and flow. They both present a point of view on a topic, Shakespeare voicing his poem through a one sided, informed, lawyer-like voice whereas Keats, in a reflective, multifaceted persuasive voice. Each using different rhyme schemes and devices we are captivated by both poems and the sonnet form.

Aristotle On Theory Of Ideas Essays - Philosophy, Ontology

Aristotle On Theory Of Ideas Aristotle refutes Plato's Theory of Ideas on three basic grounds: that the existence of Ideas contradicts itself by denying the possibility of negations; that his illustrations of Ideas are merely empty metaphors; and that they theory uses impermanent abstractions to create examples of perception. Though the theory is meant to establish concrete standards for the knowledge of reality, Aristotle considers it fraught with inconsistencies and believes that the concept of reality depends upon all forms' correlations to other elements. Ideas, Plato believes, are permanent, self-contained absolutes, which answered to each item of exact knowledge attained through human thought. Also, Ideas are in Plato's view concrete standards by which all human endeavor can be judged, for the hierarchy of all ideas leads to the highest absolute - that of Good. In addition, the theory claims that states of being are contingent upon the mingling of various Forms of existence, that knowledge is objective and thus clearly more real, and that only the processes of nature were valid entities. However, Aristotle attacks this theory on the grounds that Plato's arguments are inconclusive either his assertions are not al all cogent. Aristotle says, or his arguments lead to contradictory conclusions. For example, Aristotle claims that Plato's arguments lead one to conclude that entities (such as anything man-made) and negations of concrete ideas could exist - such as "non-good" in opposition to good. This contradicts Plato's own belief that only natural objects could serve as standards of knowledge. Also, Aristotle refutes Plato's belief that Ideas are perfect entities unto themselves, independent of subjective human experience. Ideas, Aristotle claims, are not abstractions on a proverbial pedestal but mere duplicates of things witnessed in ordinary daily life. The Ideas of things, he says, are not inherent to the objects in particular but created separately and placed apart from the objects themselves. Thus, Aristotle says, Plato's idea that Ideas are perfect entities, intangible to subjective human experience, is meaningless, for all standards are based somewhere in ordinary human activity and perception. Thirdly, Aristotle assails Plato's efforts to find something common to several similar objects at once, a perfect exemplar of the quality those things share. Beauty is a perfect example; Plato considered Beauty both a notion and an ideal, isolated by abstractions and fixed permanently while its representatives fade away. Aristotle claims that abstractions like Beauty cannot be cast as absolutes, independent of temporal human experience; the Idea of Beauty changes with time and individual perceptions and cannot (as Plato felt) exist forever as a concrete standard. Plato and Aristotle reach some agreement, though, on the topic of reality. Plato believes that all reality was derived from his Ideas (which themselves dealt with concrete hierarchy of rational ideas. St. Anselm, though, makes the most dogmatic and logically tortuous case for God's existence, relying not upon explanations of goodness, truth, or rational order of ideas but upon an absurd argument. He claims that everyone has some sense of God, and he claims that for one to deny God's existence is an invalid and contradictory assertion; therefore, God exists. Also, Anselm believes that those capable of understanding God cannot believe that he does not exist - as if the enormity of the idea was so clear than only a fool could not perceive it. His arguments seem the weakest of the four viewpoints here, for they are riddled with dogma and assume that God is a constant - using faith alone. Anselm considers faith paramount to logic or other forms of thought and asks no questions as to what powers the universe or what goodness is - he basically follows the Christian "party line" too closely to be valid. In general, St. Augustine combines Plato's idea of a moral hierarchy with his own rational observations of truth and goodness being embodied in their highest form by God. While Plato wavers on God's superiority, Aristotle views man as god's pawn, and Anselm uses tortuous dogmatic logic, Augustine's arguments seem to make the most sense from not only a Christian point of view but from a moral and rational one as well. The philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, and St. Anselm on the existence of God all vary on the issue of God's nature; though each thinker takes a different approach to why there is a God, that of St. Augustine seems the most valid because he takes a rational stance and does not dogmatically assume God's existence. Plato's philosophy assumes that God exists as a supremely good being whose goodness is analogous to Plato's concrete concept or

11 Memorial

Arads Vision for the National 9/11 Memorial Rebuilding anything is hard work. Nearly two years after the 9-11 terrorist attacks, New York developers announced a challenge - design a memorial for a shocked and grieving nation. Anyone could enter the competition. Entries poured in from architects, artists, students, and other creative people around the world. A panel of 13 judges reviewed 5,201 proposals. It took six months to select the designs of eight finalists. Behind closed doors, one of the judges, Maya Lin, praised a simple memorial originally titled Reflecting Absence. The 34-year-old  architect, Michael Arad, had never built anything larger than a police station. Yet submission 790532, Arads model for the memorial, stayed in the hearts and minds of the judges. Michael Arads Vision Michael Arad had served in the Israeli Army, studied at Dartmouth College and Georgia Tech, and eventually settled in New York. On September 11, 2001, he stood on the roof of his Manhattan apartment building and watched the second plane strike the World Trade Center. Haunted, Arad began sketching plans for a memorial long before the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) launched their competition. Arads concept for Reflecting Absence featured two 30-foot deep voids, symbolizing the absence of the fallen Twin Towers. Ramps would lead down to underground galleries where visitors could stroll past cascading waterfalls and pause at the plaques engraved with the names of those who died. Arads design was truly three-dimensional, with subterranean features as pronounced as those at street level. The design, Arad later told Places magazine, drew inspiration from the simple, sculptural work of architects Louis Kahn, Tadao Ando, and Peter Zumthor. Although the judges admired Michael Arads entry, they felt that it needed more work. They encouraged Arad to join forces with California landscape architect Peter Walker. By all reports, the partnership was rocky. However, in the spring of 2004 the team unveiled an expanded plan that incorporated a scenic plaza with trees and walkways. Trouble Looms for the 9/11 Memorial Critics responded to the 9/11 Memorial plans with mixed reviews. Some called Reflecting Absence moving and healing. Others said that the waterfalls were impractical and the deep pits hazardous. Still others protested the idea of memorializing the dead in a space located underground. To make matters worse, Michael Arad butted heads with architects in charge of the New York reconstruction projects. Daniel Libeskind, master planner for the World Trade Center site, said that Reflecting Absence did not harmonize with his own Memory Foundations design vision. The architects chosen for the underground National 9/11 Museum, J. Max Bond, Jr. and others from the Davis Brody Bond architecture firm, came on board and tweaked Arads subsurface memorial design - apparently against Arads wishes. After stormy meetings and construction delays, cost estimates for the memorial and the museum soared to nearly $1 billion. In May 2006, New York Magazine reported that Arads memorial teeters on the brink of collapse. Michael Arads Dream Triumphs The World Trade Center towers (the  skyscrapers) and the Transportation Hub are the business end of what is built at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan. Early on, however, politicians, historians, and community leaders knew that a good part of the real estate had to be dedicated to the people affected by the terrorist tragedy. This meant a memorial and museum within one of the largest spaces set aside for redevelopment. Who was involved? Architects of the underground museum (Davis Brody Bond); architects of the aboveground pavilion entrance to the museum (Snà ¸hetta); architect of the memorial (Arad); landscape architect for the memorial / museum plaza area (Walker); and the architect of the Master Plan (Libeskind). Compromise is the cornerstone of every great project. Like Libeskinds dramatically altered Vertical World Garden, Reflecting Absence saw many transformations. Its now known as the National September 11 Memorial. The names of those who died areinscribed on the bronze parapet on the plaza level, instead of in underground galleries. Many other features that Arad wanted have been modified or eliminated. Still, his core vision - deep voids and rushing water - remains intact. Architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker worked with a water architect and many engineers to construct the enormous waterfalls. Family members or victims remained actively involved as they deliberated over the arrangement of the engraved names. On September 11, 2011, ten years after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, a formal dedication ceremony marked the completion of the National 9/11 Memorial. The underground museum by Davis Brody Bond and the aboveground atrium pavilion by Snà ¸hetta opened in May 2014. Together, all of the architectural elements are known as the National September 11 Memorial Museum. The Memorial by Arad and Walker is an open park space, free to the public. The underground museum, includingthe infamous slurry wall that holds back the Hudson River, is open for a fee. The September 11 memorial site is designed to honor the nearly 3,000 people who were killed in New York, Pennsylvania, and at the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and also the six people who died when terrorists bombed the New York World Trade Center on February 26, 1993. More generally, the National 9/11 Memorial speaks out against terrorism everywhere and offers a promise of renewal. Who Is Michael Arad? Michael Sahar Arad was one of six recipients of the Young Architects Award given by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2006. By 2012 Arad was one of fifteen Architects of Healing receiving a special AIA medal for his Reflecting Absence design of the National 9/11 Memorial in New York City. Arad was born in Israel, 1969, and served in the Israeli Military from 1989 to 1991. He arrived in the US in 1991 to go to school, earning a BA in Government from Dartmouth College (1994) and a Masters in Architecture from Georgia Institute of Technology (1999). He signed on with Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) from 1999 to 2002, and after 9-11 worked for the New York City Housing Authority from 2002 to 2004. Since 2004 Arads been a partner at Handel Architects LLP. In the Words of Michael Arad Im proud to be an American. I was not born in this country, nor was I born to American parents. Becoming an American was something I chose to do, and Im so grateful for that privilege because I love the values of this country and Im grateful for the opportunities this country has given me first as a student and then as an architect. America epitomizes for me liberty and equality, tolerance and a belief in shared sacrifices. It is a noble social experiment that depends on every generations engagement and belief in it. The design of the Memorial of the World Trade Center is a physical manifestation of these values and beliefs. It is a design formed by my experiences in New York in the aftermath of the attacks, where I witnessed the remarkable response of the City as a community, united in its most trying hour; united in compassion and courage, determined and stoic. The public spaces of the City - places like Union Square and Washington Square - were the sites where this incredible civic response took shape, and, in fact, it could not have taken shape without them. These public spaces informed and gave shape to the response of its citizens and their design is open democratic forms reflect our shared values and beliefs in a civic and democratic society based on freedom, liberty, and yet even the individual pursuit of happiness what else is a pursuit of solace in the face of grief. Public spaces form our shared responses and our understanding of ourselves and our place within society, not as spectators, but as participants, as engaged citizens, as a community of people united by a shared destiny. What better way to respond to that attack and to honor the memory of those who perished than to construct another vessel for that community, another public space, a new forum, a place that affirms our values and imparts them to us and to future generations. It has been a remarkable privilege and responsibility to be part of this effort. I am humbled and honored to be part of it, and I am grateful for the recognition this award bestows on the efforts of my colleagues and myself. Thank you very much. - Architects of Healing Ceremony, American Institute of Architects, May 19, 2012, Washington, D.C. Sources for This Article: Reflecting Absence, commentary by Michael Arad from Places magazine, May 2009 (at http://places.designobserver.com/media/pdf/Reflecting_Abs_1162.pdf)The Breaking of Michael Arad, New York magazineCost and Safety Put Memorials Striking Vision at Risk, New York TimesReflecting Absence: Exploring The 9/11 Memorial, Huffington Post9/11 Memorial Nears Completion, Ending Complicated, Contentious Process at old.gothamgazette.com/article/arts/20110714/1/3565, Gotham GazetteIroning Out Where to Purpose 9/11†²s Iconic Steel Cross, New York Observer9/11 Memorial Official SiteLower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) at www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspxThe Port Authority website at www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/memorial-museum.htmlLower Manhattan Construction Command Center Project Update at lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx

How to prepare yourself for the examination Assignment

How to prepare yourself for the examination - Assignment Example 3-3:30 P.M. Be fresh Be fresh Be fresh Be fresh Be fresh Be fresh Be fresh 3:30 to 6:00 P.M. Human systems Human systems Human systems Human systems Human systems Human systems Human systems 6-8 P.M. Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out Snacks/ Roam out 8-10 P.M. Physical science Physical science Physical science Physical science Physical science Physical science Physical science 10-11:30 P.M. Maths Maths Maths Maths Maths Maths Maths 11:30 -1 A.M. Dinner & others Dinner & others Dinner & others Dinner & others Dinner & others Dinner & others Dinner & others Rest of time Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Amount of time for revision You certainly need not to be worried about the revision. The time schedule in the above table itself will give you the excellent record. But, finish all your exercise within two months time. Using old papers That's really an excellent idea. It will give you clear picture of examination. But use these papers during your revision process. When you are revising all your exercises be ready with the old papers and find out where you are getting the difficulty to answer the question. If needed, go through those sections again and again carefully. Have a good look at all these papers and find out which sections are regularly asked. Emphasize those sections more during your revision phase. Checking time to answer the question This is of course a stupid question to answer, because it depends on various factors. Some of those may be your grasping power, ability to answer the question quickly and correctly, picking which question to answer first and the most important is your knowledge. If you know everything, I am quiet sure you will be answering all questions before time.... How to prepare yourself for the examination? Before you start the below discussed strategy make sure that you are concentrate enough to carry on your scheduled task properly, make excellent study environment in your room, try to stick with table and chair and have a table lamp (If you can manage) for good concentration to your studies. That's really an excellent idea. It will give you clear picture of examination. But use these papers during your revision process. When you are revising all your exercises be ready with the old papers and find out where you are getting the difficulty to answer the question. If needed, go through those sections again and again carefully. Have a good look at all these papers and find out which sections are regularly asked. Emphasize those sections more during your revision phase. This is of course a stupid question to answer, because it depends on various factors. Some of those may be your grasping power, ability to answer the question quickly and correctly, picking which question to answer first and the most important is your knowledge. If you know everything, I am quiet sure you will be answering all questions before time. So never be worried about this phase. But for your own satisfaction you must check it at least once. Just lock your room, be with a watch, got to chair and start answering the questions. Now the wisest point is in picking the paper. Answer those papers which you have not tried during you revision.

China Economy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China Economy - Coursework Example The share of China of total accumulated FDI stock in Asia almost tripled within 20 years i.e. from 6% in 1990 – 15% in 2010. Currency strengthening against the US dollar- the Chinese RMB has continuously appreciated against US dollar from8.27 in 2005 to 6.41 in 2011. The country still continues to run trade surplus as well as accumulating foreign reserves. Its pressure to appreciate the currency still remains strong (Tong & Wong, 2012). The reason as to why there was no industrial revolution in China is that the brokers as well as tax collectors created a market only for luxurious consumer goods instead of investing in new technologies. â€Å"They could use their surplus capital to extend credit at high interest rates or to run pawnshops, but they failed to invest in new technologies that would spur industrial revolution† (133). When Europe built modern infrastructure within Chinese treaty ports, it did not spark industrial revolution since industries were few (Tong & Wong, 2012). Cultural Revolution was a major drawback since it did cost China economic problems. â€Å"Though it resulted to long term economic damage to government administration and factory management as well as the country’s education system† (Tong & Wong, 2012). 4. China adopted an open-ended approach towards its economic reform process because it did not have any books to help them learn the way of un-planning, hence they needed something with no blueprint or detailed plans. China chose to begin with Agriculture reform step taken by china to start economic reform, which they did through instituting household responsibility system. The reason they chose agriculture was that despite the trial and error reform strategy having work well during the first phases, critical microeconomic measures of reforms failed to lend themselves effectively to the gradualist method through experimentation. Some of these reform measures included taxation,

Mesotherapy Strategies and Techniques

Mesotherapy Strategies and Techniques MESOTHERAPY INTRODUCTION Mesotherapy is an art of injecting small quantities of various medicinal preparations such as vitamins, minerals and other conventional drugs directly into the mesoderm to treat pathological conditions locally. It involves the administration of intradermal or subcutaneous injections of compounds to treat a variety of medical conditions and avoiding systemic adverse effects due to drugs. It appears to be a novel technique to administer medicines local to the pathology while the skin serves as a natural time- release system. BACKGROUND OF MESOTHERAPY The term mesotherapy (derived from Greek mesos. â€Å"Middle† and therapeia to treat medically) denotes injection of substances into middle layer of skin ( mesoderm) for medical purposes. Historical aspects[1] Mesotherapy was originally used to treat painful conditions using local procaine injections. Michael Pistor who coined the term mesotherapy is considered the father of mesotherapy. In his original article,he described treating deafness, tinnitus, vertigo and headaches using local injections of procaine. Earlier to this in 1884, Koller an ophthalmologist used local cocaine to relieve pain. In 1925 Lerich used intradermal injections in the intercostal spaces. In 1937 Aron studied the use of intradermal injections to have an analgesic effect. Albert Lemaire, a Belgian physician used procaine injections to treat trigeminal neuralgia. In 1952, Michel Pistor a French physician popularized mesotherapy to treat various conditions in dermatology,sports,traumatology and vascular disease chiefly as a pain-relieving therapy. He defined mesotherapyas a techniquethat was used to treat mesoderm,(primary germ layer that develops into connective tissue, muscle and the circulatory system). In 1953, Dr .Mario Lebel invented a 3mm length needle that could be used precisely for injection of substances into the dermis. In 1964, the French society of Mesotherapy was founded by Michel Pistor and use of mesotherapy was extended to treat cosmetic conditions. The American influence was evident after Dr. Lionel Bissoon popularized the technique in North America. Despite the fact that mesotherapy is gaining popularity in aesthetic medicine especially for localized cellulite reduction, it continues to be a controversial topic and therefore requires cautious approach. The safety and efficacy of these mesotherapy remain ambiguous to patients and physicians alike. [2] Applied basic science [1, 3] The concept that led to discovery of mesotherapy is quite interesting. Pistor saw recovery of chronic hearing loss while treating a patient with procaineinjections for an asthma attack. Subsequent intradermal injections of this product into the mastoid region proved this effect to be true. However the depth of injection was considered important. This led the researchers to the fact that at a depth of 1.5 to 2mm the local activity of the product would last longer due to a persistent reservoir with weak local diffusion in the dermis whereas products injected into dermis would dissipate to greater distances.A product when injected intradermally acts in two ways. Firstly, by stimulating dermal receptors in situ and secondly, over long distances by reaching other organs via circulation. A concept of meso-interface exists which is the surface of contact established between the injected products and the tissue injected. The more the multiple punctures are made and the more fragmented produc ts are delivered in small quantities, the greater the meso-interface and proportionately greater numbers of dermal receptors get activated.Pistor has always described this technique as follows. â€Å"A little volume, a few times and in the right place†. The idea was that by placing these products in the dermis, the skin acts as a reservoir for drugs to diffuse slowly via microcirculation to activate dermal receptors. A general mechanism of action (based on the target site, dermis) and a specific mechanism of action (based on the ingredients used) has been proposed to explain the concept of mesotherapy. The dermis is considered to be common denominator for circulatory, neurological and immunological functions; and the general mode of action is believed to occur by correction of these altered functions. Individual drugs or agents target the specific indication of mesotherapy. EQUIPMENTS The various equipments used in mesotherapy are Mesogun (Fig 1) Mircromesotherapy device Needleless Mesotherapy Mesogun Mesogun is a syringe infusion pump that is capable of injecting the desired substance at a required amount, speed and depth using the injector and needle. Syringes varying from 2cc-10cc and needle lengthsvarying in size from 4mm to 13mm can be used based on the indication, and desired depth of injection. A device known as guide is used to keep the needle at a constant depth. Once the parameters are chosen, the product can be injected by one of the following modes. Continuous – Min 3cc/min Max 10cc/min. Mircrodose – Max0.1cc/trigger. Standard dose – Max 0.3cc/trigger. Mesoperfusion – Max 0.3cc/trigger. Nappage – 0.1cc/trigger. Advantages of Mesogun Good comfort level for patient and physician Procedure is faster and relatively painless Accurate delivery system Versatality – Ability to perform various modes such as nappage, continuous, mesoperfusion in dosimetry. Syringes used in Mesogun: Generally 1ml, 5ml, 10ml and 20ml syringes with luer lock system is used based on the indication. MesoNeedles (Fig2 a): Mesoneedles or â€Å"Lebel needles† are commonly used in mesotherapy.The John Screw needles have an adjustable length.The recommended parameters for needles are based on the site of injection: Face and neck – 4mm 30G mesoneedles Fat and cellulite – 6mm 30G mesoneedles,  ½ inch 30G needles. Multi-injectors and plates (Fig2 b): These accessories help to cover larger areas in a short time facilitating faster and easier procedure for the injector. There are sterile circular and linear multi-injectors with needles ready to be used for any body part. Micromesotherapy Device Micromesotherapy is an evolution of conventional mesotherapy. Usually mesotherapy uses needles to deliver drugs in deep dermal layer. Here a reverse cone shaped device has ultrafine needle 32Gx2mm by which drugs are injected into the superficial layer of dermis therebyminimizing incidence of bruising, pain and scarring. Needle-Less Mesotherapy or No Needle Mesotherapy This is a needle free device that pushes mesotherapy products painlessly through the skin using electrical waves known as isophoresis. The main features of needle less mesotherapy are: Less painful and less traumatic Uses ultrasound/electroporation technology. Probably around 20% efficiency compared to traditional mesotherapy as there is no neocollagenesis or neo angiogenesis reactions that occur with needle micro injury. This may be an option if mesotherapy is not allowed in the country. It has been discussed in details in Chapter 12. MESO SOLUTIONS (Fig6[VG1] The basic requirements of meso products is that it should be approved and skin-compatible.Systemic administration (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intradermal) should be safe and known pharmacological actions to be effective. The ingredients used in mesotherapy products should be water soluble, isotonic and non-allergenic. The mesoproducts vary with the indications chosen for treatment. [4] [ Figure 3]Products used for mesotherapy involves combination of products some of which are main ingredients known as principals as they have high grade of evidence in the treatment of each indications and complementary agents that have been approved for treatment of each indications. For a mixture to be effective it should contain 2 – 3 principals for any given indication. Therefore the ingredients in mesosolutions are broadly classified into main categories: Principal (P) / Major Complementary (C) / Minor. The main targets for mesotherapy are skin, hair, fat and cellulite. (Table 11.1). Table 11.1 Principal and Complementary ingredients in meso solutions in various indications INDICATION PRINCIPAL/MAJOR COMPLEMENTARY/MINOR SKIN REJUVENATION Mesolift Hyaluronic Acid5 DMAE Organic silicum Fibronectin + Vegetal Proteins Vitamin C Glycolic Acid Xadenal Vitamin A Growth Factors Stem Cells Mesoglow Hyaluronic Acid Siloag Vitamin C Xadenal Taurine Meso lightening Kojic Acid Azalaic Acid Vitamin C Glutathione Tretinoin Glycolic Acid Striae or stretch marks Stretch Marks Organic silicum Centella Asiatica Vegetal Proteins + Fibronectin DMAE Vitamin C Idebenone Hair Loss Androgenetic Alopecia Minoxidil Finasteride Dutasteride Dexenol Biotin Amino acids Peptides Zinc Azelaic Acid Stem Cells Telogen effluvium Biotin Dexapanthenol Pyridoxine Multi Vitamins Trace Elements Cellulite and Fat Meso Cellulite Caffeine Carnitine Aminophylline DMAE Rutin Artichoke Yohimbine Procaine Vitamin C Fat deposits Body Sculpting, localized fat, Cellulite PPC Deoxy cholate L – Carnitine Aminophylline Pentoxifylline DMAE -Dimethylaminoethanol ; PPC Phosphatidylcholine TECHNIQUES FOR MESOTHERAPY INJECTIONS The mesoproducts can be injected into the skin by various injection techniques to reach desired depth.The commonly used techniques and the desired depth reached are summarized in Table 11.2and Illustration 11.1 Table 11.2: Techniques and depth in mesotherapy injections Technique Depth Intraepidermal 1mm Papular 2mm Nappage 2-4mm Point by point 4mm Mesoperfusion > 4mm The salient features of various techniques are outlined below: Intra-epidermal This is one of the most superficial of the techniques described by Perrin. Depth: 1mm within the epidermis Painless, no bleeding Simple and large surface covered Ideal for patients with low pain threshold Ideal for facial rejuvenation, mesoglow Papular Depth:2mm dermoepidermal junction Painful Useful in mesobotox Ideal treatment of wrinkles Nappage(French for ‘covering’) Also known as picotage is the classic injection technique in mesotherapy. (Illustration 11.2) It is the most widely used technique in aesthetic dermatology. The syringe is held obliquely and the physician applies constant pressure on the plunger flicks the wrist to infuse a drop of the solutioninto the dermis(Fig 4). The injections are 2-2.5mm deep and 1cm apart. This technique can also be used for injections using a mesogun. (Fig 5) Depth 2-4mm Less pain and less bleeding Ideal for rejuvenation and scalp treatments Point by Point(Fig 6) Depth 4mm Perpendicular injection Ideal for fat reduction Mesoperfusion Depth > 4 mm Mesosolution is injected slowly over a priod of 10 minutes Not commonly used in dermatology PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MESOTHERAPY Indications and contraindications for mesotherapy are listed in box 11.1 and box11.2. Box 11.1 Indications for mesotherapy Box 11.2 : Contraindications for mesotherapy Related to patient Unrealistic expectations Body mass index greater than 30 Pregnancy / Lactation H/O strokes, recent cancer. H/o multiple meds for heart disease H/o allergy to ingredients e.g. Soy proteins, lignocaine. Autoimmune disorders Epilepsy Insulin dependent diabetes Related to product Aminophylline – Known hypersensitivity to drug, active peptic ulcer, Pentoxiphylline, aminophylline- recent cerebral retinal bleed L. carnitine – history of seizure disorder Phosphatidyl choline relative contraindications with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Caffeine – arrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia hypotension Mannitol – pulmonary edema, renal disease. Patient selection Selecting the patient with a valid indication for mesotherapy is the key to success. Care should be taken to avoid patients with active skin diseases, too elderly and patients with history of sensitive skin. For androgenetic alopecia better results are seen in patient with Grades 1 – 3. Counseling and preparing the patient A proper counseling is essential before starting mesotherapy. Patients with body dysmorphic disorders and those with unrealistic expectations should not be treated. Alternate procedures should be discussed sufficiently as mesotherapy is still in the controversial stage. A written informed consentis mandatory in the present medical scenario. A good before and after clinical photograph is needed to evaluate results following the procedure. Procedural aspects The area to be treated is marked and thoroughly cleaned with an antiseptic solution. For anesthesia, a local anesthetic cream may be applied or ice-anesthesia can be used to numb the treatment area. Patients are preferably injected in a lying down position. The required quantity of ingredients is drawn into the syringe using an 18Gx11/2needle. The injection is given either manually or using a device to deliver by the papular, nappage or point by point technique. A gentle massage is given after the treatments. Fresh normal saline and a mositurising cream can be applied to the treated area and massaged gently. [9]. The procedure takes about 20 – 30 minutes depending on the indication and area to be treated. There is no downtime after the procedure and the patient will be able to return to normal activities immediately. Good results are seen with mesotherapy done for skin rejuvenation, cellulite and double chin. [Fig 7, 8, 9] Post procedure care and counseling for follow up There may be mild pain, pinpoint bleeding, itching, burning or erythema after the injection which will subside spontaneously. Bruising and hematoma can appear occasionally and can be managed symptomatically. Mild swelling at site of injection may require anti-inflammatory agents for few days. The patients need to be counseled on the following aspects: Avoid sun exposure and smoking for next 48 hours Loose fitting clothes to be worn especially after lipolytic injections. The area to be treated is generally massaged after 72 hours and continued daily till disappearance of nodules if any. Follow up: Generally treatments are given once every 1-2weeks for 6 sessions, then once a month for 5months. Maintenance sessions are to be done once or twice a year. This protocol may be altered depending on the indication, patient’s lifestyle, financial position and response to previous treatments. Complications Though there are few evidence based studies on the efficacy of mesotherapy, there are documented reports on various complications. [10-17] The complications can be classified as local and systemic complications. (Box 11. 3) Box 11.3: Complications Local Bruising Burning or itching Pain, Tenderness, swelling Urticaria [10] Skin necrosis, Ulcers [11] Abscess [12] Hyper pigmentation Atypical mycobacterial infection [13] Rare – granulomatous panniculitis [14,15], koebnerisation, granuloma annulare, Oleoma [16] Systemic Anaphylaxis Nausea Vasovagal shock Hepatic toxicity Nerve demyelination Allergy to specific ingredients Thyrotoxicosis Ischaemic colitis [17] Management of Complications: Bruising:  It is a common but preventable complication. Always advice patient to stop aspirin or NSAIDs at least 2 weeks prior to the day of procedure. While injecting be slow and gentle. It is advisable to avoid mesotherapy during menstruation. Burning/Itching:  Burning can be overcome by adding lignocaine to the products if compatible. A mesomask applied immediately following procedure can also minimize burning and itching as it has a soothing effect. Pain/Tenderness: Procedural pain can be minimized by using adequate topical anaesthesia. Immediate post treatment pain can be alleviated by cold compresses with ice. Other methods that help to minimize pain are by pinching the skin for point by point injections or by stretching it when giving a nappage. Change needles after every few pricks to reduce the pain caused by blunt injecting needles Urticaria:  Urticaria can be avoided by a careful history to avoid products that would provoke an allergic reaction. E.g. phosphatidyl choline in individuals with history of allergy to soy proteins. Skin necrosis:  Skin necrosis occurs usually with phosphatidyl choline when the injections are given superficially Ulcers:  Ulcers can due to infection or irritant nature of the drugs. Irritant induced ulcers can be prevented by minimizing the number of drugs used in the cocktail to 4 or 5. Infective ulcers can be avoided by disinfecting the treatment area thoroughly and by wearing sterile gloves and using sterile equipment and materials. Hyper pigmentation:  This can be avoided by advising the patient photo protection for 48 hours after the procedure and by addition of topical skin lightening agents in patients with a history of post inflammatory hyper pigmentation. COMBINING MESOTHERAPY WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES Mesotherapy can be combined with other techniques to enhance results.Soon after injection of mesotherapy products, ultrasound, radiofrequency or electroporation may be applied to help in better diffusion of the injected products. The techniques are discussed in chapter 12. Mesomasks can be applied immediately after the injections to minimize bleeding points and to overcome the discomfort that follows injections.It is a 150 g of powder to be mixed with water to form a paste which is applied for 15minutes as a mask over gauze. This allows all products to penetrate deeper in the skin to give a better effect. These masks contain a mixture of calcium sulfate, talc and orange oil. Other procedures such as chemical peels, fillers and neurotoxins can be carried out between the mesotherapy sessions. In countries where mesotherapy is not practiced, mesotherapy products can be used following cosmetic skin needling. By using a dermaroller in the area to be treated, it is possible to create micro perforations that will be used as channels to deliver a product deeply into the skin. CLINICAL STUDIES Mesotherapy has been in history for a long time and there are proponents who have been successfully using it in practice for the benefits of their patients. However there are few indexed studies about the safety and efficacy of mesotherapy but many about its complications, hence it only natural to distrust proponents in relation to this technique Hence adequate controlled studies are needed to establish the value of mesotherapy in aesthetic dermatology. [18] Mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation, treatment of local fat deposits, body sculpting have been assigned Evidence Level C, whereas cellulite treatment has been assigned Evidence Level D [18]. Few recent studies have shown promising results for mesotherapy in various aesthetic indications. A study by Larruba et al showed good results with hyaluronic acid mesotherapy on photoaging and assessed by ultrasound techniques. [5] A study by Savoia etal showed promising [VG1] An excellent compilation with evidence for few of them are given in these two articles from IJDVL Sarkar R, Garg VK, Mysore V. Position paper on mesotherapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:232-7 Konda D, Thappa DM. Mesotherapy: What is new?. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:127-34 Another review of various indication s of mesotherapy is in this article by Dr. premlatha 3.Latha P. and Vandana K.R. / International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutics / 1 (1), 2011, 19-29 ( full text available of all three) The meso solutions can be tabulated in the format below Indication Product Mechanism of action ( should include original intention versus intention in mesotherapy e.g. aminophylline was originally used for brochodilation. In mesotherapy it is used for vasodilatation etc Evidence grade ( wherever available)

french revolution :: essays research papers

French Revolution Questions The Outbreak of the Revolution: 1) French society around 1789 was split into three groups of people or the Three Estates. The First Estate consisted of the clergy or the leaders of the church. The Second Estate were the nobles who were highly privileged. The Third and final estate consisted of peasants, city workers, and the middle class, all of which were taxes heavily and underprivileged. 2) The complains of the Third Estate were they were being taxed to heavily, they had land too small to support their families, and they lived in poverty compared to the other classes. The only complaints that the Second and First Estates had were that they would not pay taxes and that the Third Estate complained too much. 3) In 1789 under the reign on Louis XVI France faced an inefficient government, which was nearly bankrupt. There was a shortage of food and the food they had was incredibly expensive. 4) A meeting of the Estates General was called in May of 1789 because the nobles refused to be taxed and Louis XVI hoped they would approve of a new tax plan. The problem they had was they were not able to decide on a method of voting. 5) The bourgeoisie wanted all the Estates to meet together with each delegate having one vote. Seeing as they had about half of the delegates represented there they would have a better chance to bring about change. 6) On June 17, 1789 the Third Estate’s delegates decided to force the other Estates to meet as one body so they created the National Assembly and invited the others to join. 7) The â€Å"Tennis Court Oath† was an oath in which the people took demanding a constitution for France and they swore not to leave until this was done. The king responded by giving in after a week and he ordered all the nobility and clergy to join the National Assembly. 8) The people of Paris stormed the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 because they were angry about food shortages and high prices, as well they feared the king’s soldiers would crush the National Assembly and plunder the city. 9) The effect of the â€Å"storming of the Bastille† on the revolutionary moment was it caused the king to pull back his troops and it saved the National Assembly. This caused a rebellious spirit to move across the county.

China Town

1. 0 Introduction During the 19th century, Malaya had been colonised by the British and many Chinese and Indian had migrates to Malaya. As a city, Kuala Lumpur had become the most crowded and fast development place. Many colonial and migrations stay at Kuala Lumpur. Through colonisation and migration, both knowledge and methods of house construction had been adapted to the Malaya architecture during that time. Therefore there are many heritage buildings especially the Chinese shop houses had been influence by the foreign design. In this essay, I had make a field trip to Petaling Street to collect photographs of shophouses. Through the characteristic of the design of the shophouses I need to identify the Malaysia and foreign design influences of the traditional shop houses in Petaling Street. Description and contrast had been made of the influences of the shop houses by comparing the buildings which the structures had been influence by. 2. 0 Background 2. 1 British Colonisation In Malaysia During 19-20 Century Figure 1: Tin mine Tim mining, a popular activity amongst there and they increases many Chinese workers to migrates to Malaya (figure 1). Chinese migrates brought their tradition dwelling design where the two storey Chinese shop houses becomes common. â€Å"During British colonise Malaya, many public and private building had been built by the British which contain the mixture of architecture styles such as Renaissance, Palladia, Neoclassical and revived Gothic because Kuala Lumpur has become the Federal Capital and Headquarters of the Resident General. † (Mohammad Iza,(2010),p. 45. ) 2. 2 Shophouses Before 1880's Chinese shophouses was a very simple construction of one storey houses which only use wooden parts supporting on attap roof which is open to the street. While the rear section of the shophouses was usually built on piles over a river to facilitate the delivery of goods. Most of the construction is use the locally available materials combine with Chinese architecture influence. Therefore curved gable are glazed ornamental tiles are some of the Chinese shop houses characteristic. Moreover the stucco decorations is the intention of which was to emphasis the character and background of the owner. The early shophouses are build in rows with uniforms facades and a continuous, covered five-foot way in front (figure 2). There are also jack roof on the shop houses which rise above the main roof to allowed accumulated hot air in the house to escape (figure 3). Besides that, there is also low rickety, shuttered window on the front of the first floor. Figure 2: Five-foot way Figure 3: Jack roof â€Å"Before World War II, the commercial centre of every Malaysian town was featured by one or more streets lined with usually two storeys high shophouses, where trading were occurred at the lower floor and the upper floors as residential accommodation area. † (Anon,(2008),p. 44. However, the position of the shop and residential space might be different depending on the number of floors of a shophouse. For an example, a single story shophouse tends to include residential area behind the shop; while for the shophouses of two or more storeys have residential space typically located above the shop. Early masonry shophouses were often built around 6-7 metres wide and 30 metres deep occasionally extended to 60 metres according to its location. They were often built in rows with uniform facades and a covered five-foot way in front of the shophouse. The five-foot way was first imposed by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British colonial administration that founded the city of Singapore in 1822. †(online,www. wikipedia. com). It is an old practice specifying that all shophouses should include a minimum five-foot-wide veranda on the ground floor. This building tradition addressed the extremes of the tropical sun and rain, and created pedestrian linkages at ground level. These shaded areas were conducive to the shopkeepers by providing an extra space area to displaying their products (figure 4) . Apart from that, the typical Chinese shophouse was built in rows with a common wall between each unit. The walls that separate the shophouses are generally constructed by local manufactured baked clay. They are structural, load bearing walls to transfer the weight of the roof and upper floors down to the ground. Besides, the front of the shophouse on the ground floor has no walls, enabling goods to be displayed along the full width (figure 5) . Since the shophouse has no front walls, the front will be boarded up with fitted timber panels and secured with horizontal bars to lock up the shop. In addition, to ventilate the shophouse, a central courtyard can be found inside, which was later reduced to an airwell when space became more precious (figure 6). It was built to cool the building before the air-conditioning was invented. Courtyards were typically for residence all over China especially in the less densely populated areas of the north where they were located at the central of the layout, which often surrounded by high walls. Besides, a lane was also allocated at the back of the shophouse as a sanitary lane. It is a space found in between two rows of shophouses that faced back to back. This lane allows bullock carts to collect night soil as well as for safety purpose, for example, allow access for a fire truck when required. Figure 4: Displaying their products at the five-foot way Figure 5: Ground floor of the shophouses has no front walls Figure 6: Airwell found in one of the shophouse 2. 3 Foreign architecture and design influence There are five types of shophouses, Traditional, Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician, Art Deco and Modern. There are three principal varieties of shop houses during 1930's to 1940's which are Utilitarian design is made by simple wooden shutters and a minimum of decorations. While the Neoclassical design had elaborate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorated window frames, pediments, paraprets and cornices. However Art Deco is the simplest design which only use simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate. The Noeclassical style can by recognised by a Grecian pediment (figure 7) , columns (figure 8) and moulded plasters swags decorated the facade. Besides, some of the Neoclassical style include a parapet and the top of the building and ornate window frames. Different from the Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician design as a Dutch-inspired gable was adopted for the front facade of the shop houses. Figure 7: Neoclassical pediment Figure 8: Original style Neoclassical column Art Deco was started during 1930's. The design only contain geometrical shapes and simplified lines were departure from the 1920's style. The ground floor and windows are not original. This is because it is from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. Art Deco style had marked the transition from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. 3. 0 Analysis 3. 1 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Neoclassical styles Figure 3. 1. 1: High ceiling found in Petaling Street shophouses(left) and St. George Hall, London(right). One of the special feature in Neoclassical architecture is high ceiling. High ceilings (Figure 3. . 1), tend to help to ventilate the air in the building through convection process, where the hot air rises and cool air sinks, as a result, the house will be cooling. The shophouses these days have a standard height of 8 metres, where space had become more precious besides saving cost. Figure 3. 1. 2: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Rue De Rivoli, Paris(right) painted in white o r pastel colours. Apart from the high ceiling, Neoclassical buildings are often painted in white or pastel colours (Figure 3. 1. 2). White and pastel colours are bright and attracts people’s attention. Furthermore, these colours are poor conductor of heat, they helps to reflect more of the visible light spectrum, causing the particular building to be as cooling as posible. This may be the reason why the buildings in Neoclassical period painted in this series of colour. Figure 3. 1. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Arc De Thriump, Paris(right) with parapet on the top. Parapet (Figure 3. 1. 3) is a wall-like structure at the edge of a roof, which served as a fire wall, that prevents the flames from coming up to the exterior of the building, igniting the roofing membrane. In addition, it also modifieds the wind flow over the roof so that the pressure exerted is distributed evenly to prevent it from collapsing. Figure 3. 1. 4: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Madeleine Church, Paris(right) with pediment. A pediment is a classical architectural element which consist of the triangular section found on top of a building, supported by the columns. It is founded in the classical Greek temples, Renaissance, and Neoclassical architecture. The pediment of Madeleine Church, Paris is filled with relief sculptures while the one found in Petaling Street shophouses are filled with floral sculptures (Figure 3. . 4). Figure 3. 1. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) columns. A column is an upright pillar which supports a beam or a roof, sometimes it might just simple for decoration purposes. There are 3 types of columns which is doric (oldest and simplest of classical orders), ionic (more complex than doric, with a scroll on top) and corinthian (with most ornate). Ionic order is found in the Petaling Street shophouses, while New York City Hall contained the doric order (Figure 3. 1. 5). Figure 3. 1. 6: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) are symmetrical. Symmetry and balance are the most pedominat characteristic of Neoclassical buildings. This feature is recognizable easily as the left and the right portion of the building is the same to maintain the balance of the building so that it does not fall (Figure 3. 1. 6). 3. 2 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Art Deco styles Figure 3. 2. 1: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal (right) with flag pole. Concrete flagpoles are one of the common feature of Art Deco buildings (Figure 3. 2. 1). The flagpoles are stretched from the top of the building with bands or motif sculptured at the base of the poles as if it is attached to the wall of facade. Figure 3. 2. 2: Petaling Street shophouses column(left) and Patel’s Building, Durban’s column(right). On the other hand, Petaling Street shophouses and Patel’s Building (Figure 3. 2. 2) both have geometrical shapes running down the column, which is also a common feature of Art Deco architecture. Nonetheless, Petaling Street’s column has a mixture of both Art Deco and Neoclassical styles as on top of it’s column, since there’s some swirls on it which belonged to Ionic order. Figure 3. 2. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal’s (right) mouldings. Furthermore, plaster moulding is another characteristic of Art Deco architecture. Shanghai plaster is commonly used as it provides the same visual effect as stone and it’s a cheaper building material. This finished plaster was usually left in it’s original colour, sometimes painted in the pastel colour of the era. The fine vertical lines plaster moulding at Petaling Street shophouses and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal are easily recognizable (Figure 3. 2. 3). Figure 3. 2. : Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Thorp Coffee House(right) stated the year it was built. To the contrary, Art Deco buildings usually state the year that it was built on the top of the building. For example, the particular Shophouse in Petaling Street was built in the year 1910, therefore, the figure 1910 is placed on the top of the building as well as for Thorp Coffee House (Figure 3. 2. 4). Figure 3. 2. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Louis Hay’s Office(right) with air vents. Lastly, Art Deco buildings have horizontal air vents usually located above the windows (Figure 3. 2. 5). The air vent is placed above the window to cool down the interior of the building as hot air are less dense and rises up, thus, escaping through the air vents. 4. 0 Conclusion Through compare and contrast of the different style of the shop houses, we able find out that the different style of the shop houses was influence by different background. From the 18th century until now we can see that the style of the Chinese shop houses change according to the place the shop houses was built. Beside that, the structure of the shop houses also depends to the need of the owner and the period of time those shop houses was built.

College Athletes Should Be Paid - 1003 Words

Here is a number for you, $814 million. That is the average amount of revenue the National Collegiate Athletic Association currently makes per year (Gerencer). How much are the NCAA athletes compensated for their hard work, sacrifices, and effort? That s right, $0. NCAA events such as March Madness and the Football Championship Series (the college national championship), attract massive crowds, national TV coverage, and sold out venues. When is an athletic scholarship no longer enough to support and reward the athletes? Because division 1 athletics attract new students, excite alumni, and earn revenue for their schools and coaches, all without being able to secure a job, therefore, the athletes should be paid. The argument against the†¦show more content†¦The success of a sport in the college level can create a supportive alumni base also. When a team becomes successful and stays successful, the alumni donates money and stays connected with their alma mater. On the flip side of that, if a team is not as successful and does not produce as much, the alumni does not have a good showing at the games and the donations decline. The month of March may be the largest stage for the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The basketball tournament known as â€Å"March Madness†, brings in publicity, as well as revenue for the schools. People may ask, â€Å"why is this college basketball tournament so popular?† The answer is, it is the student athletes that make it exciting to watch. The athletic director for student services at Kansas State University, Phil Hughes, calls the student athletes â€Å"The Entertainment Product† (Varsity Green 13). The nickname may sound rash or rude, however he is right. The student athletes attract the crowds, that lead to sold out arenas. Hughes’ office is in a $1 million facility in the academic learning center at KSU, right next to the $2 million football facility (Varsity Green 14). 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